{"id":965,"date":"2021-12-10T08:50:42","date_gmt":"2021-12-10T06:50:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=965"},"modified":"2021-12-10T08:50:42","modified_gmt":"2021-12-10T06:50:42","slug":"hangi-ekonomi-modelinden-verelim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=965","title":{"rendered":"HANG\u0130 EKONOM\u0130 MODEL\u0130NDEN VEREL\u0130M?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"326\" src=\"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Garson.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-966\" srcset=\"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Garson.jpg 650w, http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Garson-500x251.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Saray rejiminin ekonomi modeli tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fct\u00fcn kavramlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 24 Ocak&nbsp; Kararlar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Bu kararlarla Devlet\u2019in piyasa \u00fczerindeki denetimi ve s\u00fcbvansiyonlar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, kamu mallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131, ithalat serbestle\u015fti, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcteahhitlik hizmetleri te\u015fvik edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;12 Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015fta sendikalar olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn demokratik \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ezip ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131sal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel yoktu. Eme\u011fi ucuzlatarak yabanc\u0131 sermayenin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne a\u00e7ma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi o zaman do\u011fdu ve a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirildi. \u00d6zal, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u201cserbest b\u00f6lgeler\u201d kurmak istiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O s\u0131rada \u00c7in\u2019in ucuz eme\u011fi \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketlerin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne a\u00e7ma karar\u0131 \u00e7oktan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f, 6 Ocak 1979\u2019da Guandong b\u00f6lgesinde yabanc\u0131 sermayenin \u015firket kurmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Asl\u0131nda \u201cBen zengini severim\u201d diyen Turgut \u00d6zal ile \u201cZenginle\u015fmek \u00e7ok \u015ferefli bir \u015feydir\u201d diyen Deng \u015eiaoping o d\u00f6nemde bir araya gelebilselerdi her konuda anla\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Elbette \u00c7in\u2019deki ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin siyas\u00ee temelinde Rusya\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131na hedef olma kayg\u0131s\u0131yla Mao Zedung\u2019un &nbsp;1972\u2019de ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131&nbsp; Nixon\u2019la el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u00c7inli kom\u00fcnistlerin Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ni ABD\u2019den \u00e7ok daha sald\u0131rgan bir (sosyal) emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yat\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neyse uzatmayal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6zetle \u00c7in, Kom\u00fcnist Parti\u2019nin y\u00f6netimi ve denetimi alt\u0131nda kapitalizme ge\u00e7ti. Mao\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra iktidar\u0131 devralan Hua Guofeng, Mao\u2019nun K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devrimi\u2019nin (1966-76) devam\u0131ndan yana olan \u201cD\u00f6rtl\u00fc \u00c7ete\u201dyi h\u0131zla tasfiye ederek Deng \u015eiaoping\u2019in yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daha fazla liberalizm ya da daha fazla kom\u00fcnizm isteyen kitlelerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fi Tien Anmen Meydan\u0131\u2019nda binlerce K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu askeri&nbsp; binlerce insan\u0131 kur\u015funa dizdi (Haziran 1989) ve \u00fclke&nbsp; parti komutas\u0131nda kapitalizme ge\u00e7ti;&nbsp; emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n sosyal g\u00fcvenceleri (\u201cdemir pirin\u00e7 k\u00e2sesi\u201d) kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131;&nbsp; k\u0131rsal kom\u00fcnler da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak&nbsp; milyonlarca tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isi yerli ve yabanc\u0131 sermayeli kapitalist \u015firketlerde ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak istihdam edilmek \u00fczere serbest b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc; \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketler&nbsp; bedava i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015ferek&nbsp; fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130\u00e7 pazar Coca-Cola\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak d\u00fcnya markalar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, Boeing gibi \u015firketler&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; baz\u0131 \u00fcretim birimlerini \u00c7in\u2019e aktard\u0131lar. Motorola, Intel, IBM, Wolksvagen, AT&amp;T, General Electric gibi devasa \u015firketler \u00c7in\u2019e sermaye ve teknoloji, karma\u015f\u0131k sistemleri y\u00f6netme sanat\u0131, kalite kontrol\u00fc ve pazarlama teknikleri getirdiler. \u00c7in ekonomisi y\u0131lda 12-13 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. &nbsp;O s\u0131rada sermayenin getirisi \u00c7in\u2019de y\u00fczde 30 ile 40, ABD\u2019de ise y\u00fczde 7 kadard\u0131 (W. Greider, <em>Tek D\u00fcnya<\/em>, \u0130mge 2003, s. 211)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ve bu \u201c\u00c7in tipi sosyalizm\u201d k\u00fcreselle\u015fme bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devralarak d\u00fcnya ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye, zamanla sermaye ihra\u00e7 etmeye, kendi halk\u0131n\u0131n refah\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n az geli\u015fmi\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u201c\u00c7in mucizesi\u201d b\u00f6yle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Devlet\u2019e, orduya, burjuvaziye ve emek\u00e7i kitlelere ayn\u0131 anda h\u00fckmedemeyen \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir \u201cmucize\u201d yaratmas\u0131 elbette beklenemezdi. Fakat ondan sonra iktidara gelen herkes, AKP\u2019de dahil olmak \u00fczere, \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n \u00e7izgisini netice alamadan debelenerek s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi en az\u0131ndan bir t\u00fcr G\u00fcney Kore yapmay\u0131 denediler fakat beceremediler; muazzam bir gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi yaratt\u0131lar ve en \u00f6nemlisi Devlet\u2019i battal ettiler, sosyal olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mesela mill\u00ee sanayi hamlecisi Erbakan \u201cgarson devlet\u201d terimini icat etti; Tansu \u00c7iller \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme yasalar\u0131yla \u201cson sosyalist devleti y\u0131kt\u0131m\u201d diye \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc. M\u00fcthi\u015f bir \u201cdemokrasi\u201d c\u00fcmb\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ya\u015fand\u0131, umutlar tavana vurdu, havai fi\u015fekli G\u00fcmr\u00fck Birli\u011fi\u2019ne giri\u015f \u015fenlikleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sonunda ekonominin d\u00fcmenini Ecevit\u2019in elinden al\u0131p Kemal Dervi\u015fe teslim ettiler. Kamu bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tahsildar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6nderilen Dervi\u015f\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 reformlar Saray Rejimi\u2019nin yirmi y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iktisat politikas\u0131n\u0131n temelini ve d\u00fczle\u015ftirilmi\u015f zeminini olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sistem t\u0131kan\u0131p krize girince ve HAK\u0130KAT en m\u00fcstehcen h\u00e2liyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca, Say\u0131n Saray \u201c19 y\u0131ld\u0131r bu ekonomi politikas\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yoruz,\u201d dedi.&nbsp; Do\u011fru s\u00f6ze ne denir? Ancak \u015fapka \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r! Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n neticesini herkes g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n i\u00e7inde hayret ve deh\u015fetle g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Peki \u015fimdi n\u2019olacak?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnya kapitalist sisteminin yeni bir sermaye birikim modeli aramaya devam edece\u011fi ve bu aray\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinde piyasay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen bir denetim g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak devletin ve planlaman\u0131n &nbsp;\u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131,&nbsp; merkez\/\u00e7evre \u00fclkelerinin yeniden s\u0131ralanaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor (bu merkez \u00e7evre ayr\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bkz. Immanuel Wallerstein)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biz nas\u0131l bir \u00e7evre \u00fclkesi olaca\u011f\u0131z ve merkez ya da merkezlerle ekonomik ili\u015fkimizi nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131z?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soru budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130ktidara aday siyas\u00ee partilerin bu soruya verdikleri yan\u0131tlar, daha ak\u0131lc\u0131, daha az ya\u011fmac\u0131 ve \u00e7apulcu, k\u0131smen daha planl\u0131 vs olma niyetlerine ra\u011fmen, son tahlilde, neoliberal piyasa ekonomisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mesela CHP\u2019nin Haziran 2015 genel se\u00e7imlerinden hemen \u00f6nce tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cMerkez T\u00fcrkiye\u201d projesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi bir \u201c\u00e7evre\u201d \u00fclke olarak tarif eder. Buna g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye k\u00fcresel ticaretin dev antreposu, mallar\u0131n toplan\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir merkez haline gelecek, k\u00fcresel kapitalizmin ticaret acentas\u0131 olarak komisyonla zenginle\u015fen bir ambalaj ekonomisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecektir: ticar\u00ee bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m deposu, bir t\u00fcr \u201chub\u201d (aktarma merkezi), \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketlerin \u201cucuz emek cenneti\u201d olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Topraklar\u0131, vadileri, ormanlar\u0131, limanlar\u0131, havaalanlar\u0131, telekom\u00fcnikasyon sistemleri, k\u00f6pr\u00fcleri, her \u015feyi sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu\u011fdaydan teknolojiye kadar her \u015feyi ithal eden bir ticaret kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131; mallar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, turizm beldesi, ayn\u0131 zamanda askeri\/jeostratejik alt-merkez\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osmanl\u0131 tarz\u0131 yay\u0131lma hayallerini bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, Saray\u2019\u0131n yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p beceremedi\u011fi \u015fey de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 buna benziyordu. Fakat iktidar\u0131 kaybetme korkusuyla a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde besledi\u011fi yeni zenginler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla kendisini tahkim etti\u011fi ve devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flemez h\u00e2le getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in t\u0131kand\u0131. Sistem d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Esnek kamu personel rejimi, ta\u015feronla\u015ft\u0131rma, performans kriterleri, sendikas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma ve emek piyasas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ucuzlatacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesi, stratejik kurulu\u015flar dahil varl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi, bankalara yabanc\u0131 ortakl\u0131klar vs\u2026 B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Reis\u2019in akl\u0131na gelen parlak fikirler de\u011fildi; hepsi k\u00fcresel sistemin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamalard\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir sisteme elbette ba\u015fkanl\u0131k rejimi, bask\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik devleti yak\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Nihayet \u201cpatron \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131\u201d evresine ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saray\u2019\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7meye haz\u0131rlanan siyas\u00ee partilerin bu yap\u0131sal ve sistemik konularda halka a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f bir programlar\u0131 var m\u0131? &nbsp;Mevcut yap\u0131y\u0131 ve sistemi de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden nas\u0131l ve ne \u00fcreteceksiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Neyse uzatmayal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bizim \u00fclkemizin ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi, ekonomi modelinin 1923 \u0130zmir \u0130ktisat Kongresi\u2019nde, ilkeler d\u00fczeyinde belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp; Bu ilkelerin ruhu, tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve mill\u00ee ekonomi; dengeli toplumsal kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren planl\u0131 prensipli bir karma ekonomidir. Bu ruhu ve yolu kaybetti\u011fimiz i\u00e7in kaybolduk. Oysa muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fumuz her \u015feye sahiptik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yal\u00e7\u0131n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, y\u0131llar \u00f6nce, \u201cKemalizm bizi ileriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez fakat biz de Kemalizm\u2019den geriye gitmeyiz\u201d demi\u015fti. Bu s\u00f6z sosyalistler i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti fakat bug\u00fcn herkes i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli. Kemalizm\u2019den \u00e7ok geriye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. \u00a0D\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz yerden kalkarak onun a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yola d\u00f6nmemiz, yeni bir Ayd\u0131nlanma Devrimi\u2019nin h\u0131z\u0131yla ilerlememiz gerekir. Veryans\u0131n, 10.12.2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yavuz Alogan &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Saray rejiminin ekonomi modeli tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fct\u00fcn kavramlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 24 Ocak&nbsp; Kararlar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Bu kararlarla Devlet\u2019in piyasa \u00fczerindeki denetimi ve s\u00fcbvansiyonlar kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, kamu mallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131, ithalat serbestle\u015fti, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcteahhitlik hizmetleri te\u015fvik edildi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;12 Eyl\u00fcl ba\u015fta sendikalar olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn demokratik \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ezip ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00d6zal\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131sal &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=965\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;HANG\u0130 EKONOM\u0130 MODEL\u0130NDEN VEREL\u0130M?&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=965"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":967,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965\/revisions\/967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}