{"id":962,"date":"2021-12-05T10:56:24","date_gmt":"2021-12-05T08:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=962"},"modified":"2021-12-05T10:56:24","modified_gmt":"2021-12-05T08:56:24","slug":"gemide-isyan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=962","title":{"rendered":"GEM\u0130DE \u0130SYAN"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Hegemonya i\u015flerinde \u201cr\u0131za\u201d \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendisini \u201chegemon\u201d olarak tarif eden kaptan \u00f6yle bir marifet sergilemelidir ki geminin kamarotundan makine dairesindeki ate\u015f\u00e7iye, l\u00fcks kamaradaki zengin yolcudan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc mevkideki yoksula, g\u00fcverte alt\u0131ndaki bele\u015f\u00e7iden ambardaki fareye kadar herkes onun kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na r\u0131za g\u00f6stersin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaptan\u0131n m\u00fckemmel seyr\u00fcsefer kabiliyetine sahip tecr\u00fcbeli bir \u201co\u015finograf\u201d (okyanusbilimci) ya da diplomal\u0131 bir \u201cekonomist\u201d olmas\u0131 bu ba\u011flamda hi\u00e7 \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maz.  \u00d6nemli olan m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n ve yolcular\u0131n onun kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na r\u0131za g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu kendisine raz\u0131 eden kaptan b\u00fct\u00fcn gemiyi kontrol eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaptan bu r\u0131zay\u0131 temin etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenek kurmu\u015ftur ki farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flardan b\u00fct\u00fcn yolcular ve farkl\u0131 r\u00fctbelerden b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcrettebat madd\u00ee \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ancak kaptan\u0131n koruyabilece\u011fine inanarak halkalar h\u00e2linde onun \u00e7evresinde toplanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r; kaptan, kendisine yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve uzakl\u0131k derecelerine g\u00f6re onlar\u0131 hiyerar\u015fik bir dizilim i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctlemi\u015f, beslemi\u015f ve kontrol alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegemonya bu \u015fekilde kurulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaptan temin etti\u011fi r\u0131zan\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc iki \u015fekilde sa\u011flar: zor kullanarak ve\/ya da medya g\u00fcc\u00fcyle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elbette gemide isyan \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in gizlice \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen unsurlar ya da \u201cKim oluyorsun lan sen!\u201d diye day\u0131lanan haddini bilmezler \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Zor kullan\u0131m\u0131 burada devreye girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat belirleyici olan r\u0131zad\u0131r ve r\u0131zan\u0131n esas dayana\u011f\u0131 medya g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Medya tek ba\u015f\u0131na r\u0131zay\u0131 imal etme, \u00fcretme kabiliyetine sahiptir. \u00d6yle bir yan\u0131lsama yarat\u0131r ki geminin m\u00fckemmel oldu\u011fu ve onu Kaptan\u2019dan ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n asla y\u00f6netemeyece\u011fi fikrine raz\u0131 olursunuz.  Amerikal\u0131 anar\u015fist dilbilimci Noam Chomsky, \u201cR\u0131zan\u0131n \u0130malat\u0131\u201d (BGST 2017) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Establishment\u2019\u0131n (yerle\u015fik d\u00fczen) medya g\u00fcc\u00fcyle toplumun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 her d\u00f6neme\u00e7te nas\u0131l imal etti\u011fini anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Fakat hegemonya s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6ncesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve manevi\/moral \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck daima hegemonyay\u0131 \u00f6nceler. Ne kadar marjinal, ezilmi\u015f b\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olursa olsun toplumun i\u00e7ine yuvalanm\u0131\u015f bir ideoloji baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00e7ok \u00f6zel i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullardan yararlanarak   mevcut k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n sonucu olan hayat tarzlar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alayarak onlar\u0131 etkisizle\u015ftirebilir. Kaptan, yolcular\u0131n ve b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n madd\u00ee \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n temsilcisi olma iddias\u0131yla kaptan k\u00f6\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fcn merdivenlerini \u00e7\u0131karken, uzak ve yak\u0131n hedeflere ancak bu ideolojinin fikir yelpazesine, dogmalar\u0131na ve nasslar\u0131na (nus\u00fbs) s\u0131k\u0131ca ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131narak ula\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fine dair g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir izlenim yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu izlenime inan\u0131p inanmamak size kalm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey. Fakat e\u011fer gemide \u015f\u00f6hrete ve servete sahip olmak, hatta baz\u0131 durumlarda sadece hayatta kalmak, karn\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 doyurmak istiyorsan\u0131z, Kaptan\u2019\u0131n nasslar\u0131na zerre kadar inanmasan\u0131z da inan\u0131yormu\u015f gibi yapmak, onun dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 rit\u00fcellere harfiyen uymak zorunda kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaptan\u2019a muhalif olsan\u0131z, dahas\u0131 geminin ana muhalefeti olsan\u0131z, ondan \u00f6lesiye nefret etseniz, hatta geminin y\u00f6netimini ele ge\u00e7irerek onun yerine ge\u00e7meyi ba\u015farsan\u0131z bile, en az\u0131ndan geminin yolcular\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015fmemek i\u00e7in onun s\u00f6ylemini kullanmak, onun rit\u00fcellerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek zorunda kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte bu hegemonyad\u0131r!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu alengirli konuyla Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) ilgilenmi\u015ftir. Tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130talyan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin milletvekili olarak dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa sahipti. Buna ra\u011fmen 1926\u2019da 20 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Regina Coeli Cezaevi\u2019ndeki tek ki\u015filik h\u00fccresinin ta\u015f duvarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u015fu soruya cevap arad\u0131: Kuzey \u0130talya\u2019daki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketine ve g\u00fcneydeki yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin isyan gelene\u011fine ra\u011fmen, Mussolini gibi bir demagog \u00fclkenin tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l oldu da tam bir hegemonya kurabildi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cezaevinde 46 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayata veda eden Gramsci\u2019nin m\u00fcd\u00fcriyetin g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u015fifreli bir dille yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rt ciltlik \u201cHapishane Defterleri\u201dni (Kalkedon 2011) okumak size zor gelirse, onu anlamak i\u00e7in \u201cModern Prens\u201dle  (Siyah Beyaz 2016) yetinebilirsiniz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat en iyisi, Ettore Scola\u2019n\u0131n dolayl\u0131 bir hegemonya anlat\u0131m\u0131yla seyirciyi b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen 1977 yap\u0131m\u0131 Una Giornata Particolare (\u00d6zel Bir G\u00fcn) adl\u0131 filmini izlemenizdir. Ba\u015frollerini Sophia Loren ve  Marcello Mastroianni\u2019nin oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu film, ideolojik hegemonyan\u0131n s\u0131radan halk \u00fczerindeki  ezici etkisini \u00e7ok g\u00fczel anlat\u0131r. \u0130zlediyseniz bir daha izleyin, hegemonya nas\u0131l olurmu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki hegemonya k\u0131r\u0131labilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131r\u0131labilir. Ancak bu, hegemonyan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7 sadece kritik d\u00f6nemlerde patlak veren m\u00fccadelenin i\u00e7inde, sahada, sokakta, kent meydan\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu y\u00fczden hegemonyan\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc arada bir tecr\u00fcbe etmek gerekir. E\u011fer hegemonya g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha yerle\u015fikse ve t\u00fcrde\u015f bir kitleye san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha derinlemesine n\u00fcfuz etmi\u015fse, k\u0131r\u0131lamaz. O vakit el de\u011fi\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 ideolojiyle donanm\u0131\u015f biri ya da ideolojik hegemonyaya r\u0131za g\u00f6stermi\u015f bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 d\u00fcmene ge\u00e7er. Ambardaki farelerini de yan\u0131na alan eski Kaptan yolculardan s\u00f6\u011f\u00fc\u015fledi\u011fi serveti bir filikaya y\u00fckleyerek gemiyi terk eder. Ya da b\u0131\u00e7k\u0131n bir tayfa Kaptan\u2019\u0131 k\u00fcpe\u015fteden denize at\u0131p d\u00fcmeni kavrar ve sadece zorun egemen oldu\u011fu, r\u0131zan\u0131n ikinci planda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hegemonya kurar ki bu durumda \u00f6nceki kaptan\u0131 mumla arars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegemonik sistemin tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ancak eskisi gibi y\u00f6netilmek istemeyen yolcu kitlesinin fiilen kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ya da destekleyece\u011fi bir devrimle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu devrim de ancak m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n ve yolcular\u0131n isyan\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak kadar a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve olgunla\u015fmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. Tek kurtulu\u015f yolu budur. Gemiyi ortadan ikiye b\u00f6lmeden, bat\u0131rmadan devrim yapabilmek de ayr\u0131 bir marifeti gerektirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu serin pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcnde hegemonyadan kurtulma ve istibdada kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fcrriyet m\u00fccadelesi verme imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde herkesin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesini dilerim. Veryans\u0131n, 05. 12. 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yavuz Alogan \u00a0Hegemonya i\u015flerinde \u201cr\u0131za\u201d \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.\u00a0\u00a0 Kendisini \u201chegemon\u201d olarak tarif eden kaptan \u00f6yle bir marifet sergilemelidir ki geminin kamarotundan makine dairesindeki ate\u015f\u00e7iye, l\u00fcks kamaradaki zengin yolcudan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc mevkideki yoksula, g\u00fcverte alt\u0131ndaki bele\u015f\u00e7iden ambardaki fareye kadar herkes onun kaptanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na r\u0131za g\u00f6stersin. Kaptan\u0131n m\u00fckemmel seyr\u00fcsefer kabiliyetine sahip tecr\u00fcbeli bir \u201co\u015finograf\u201d (okyanusbilimci) ya da diplomal\u0131 bir … <\/p>\n

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