{"id":760,"date":"2021-04-23T08:29:19","date_gmt":"2021-04-23T06:29:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=760"},"modified":"2021-04-23T08:29:19","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T06:29:19","slug":"23-nisan-1920-kalpaklilar-ve-sariklilar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=760","title":{"rendered":"23 N\u0130SAN 1920: KALPAKLILAR VE SARIKLILAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Y\u00fcz bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce bug\u00fcn Millet Meclisi\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcnde dualar okunup kurbanlar kesildikten sonra Mustafa Kemal binan\u0131n iki \u00fc\u00e7 basamakl\u0131 merdivenlerini \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, kap\u0131daki k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 beyaz kurdeleleri bir makasla kesti, mebuslar heyeti topluca i\u00e7eriye girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O g\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fczel bir bahar g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6\u011fle saatlerinde Hac\u0131 Bayram Camii\u2019nde toplanan cemaat Cuma namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.   Sonra sar\u0131kl\u0131 hocalar, kalpakl\u0131 fesli mebuslar, \u00fcniformal\u0131 subaylar iki manga askerin aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f alay\u0131 tertip ederek Meclis binas\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir.  En \u00f6nde, \u00fczerinde ayetler yazan ye\u015fil bir sancak vard\u0131r. Sanca\u011f\u0131n hemen arkas\u0131nda Sinop Mebusu Hoca Abdurrahman Efendi y\u00fcr\u00fcmekte, ye\u015fil \u00e7uha \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir rahle \u00fczerinde   Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim\u2019i ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f alay\u0131n\u0131 Karao\u011flan \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, halk\u0131n aras\u0131nda beklemektedir.  \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131 semtinin Zafer An\u0131t\u0131\u2019yla birlikte Ulus ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131na daha yedi y\u0131l vard\u0131r.  Mustafa Kemal y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f alay\u0131n\u0131 istikbal eder, yani kar\u015f\u0131lar, hep birlikte kurban kesim yerine do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mazhar M\u00fcfit, ula\u015f\u0131m zorluklar\u0131 nedeniyle o g\u00fcn 338 mebusun ancak 115\u2019inin \u201cMeclis\u2019in k\u00fc\u015f\u00e2d\u0131\u201dna yeti\u015febildi\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBizzat merak ederek sayd\u0131m, 50 mebus kalpakl\u0131 ve 41 mebus fesli ve 21 mebus sar\u0131kl\u0131 idi\u201d (Atat\u00fcrk\u2019le Beraber<\/em>, TTK 2009, s. 570). Bu s\u00f6zlerden ilk mecliste \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fumuzu anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zorluklarla, tehlikelerle dolu yolculu\u011fun sonunda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015fa yeti\u015fen mebuslar toplant\u0131 salonuna ge\u00e7ip mektep s\u0131ralar\u0131na otururlar. K\u00fcrs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn hemen arkas\u0131nda bir levha vard\u0131r. \u00dczerinde, \u00c2l-\u00ee \u0130mran suresinden al\u0131nan \u201c\u0130\u015flerinizde Me\u015fveret Ediniz,\u201d yani birbirinize dan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131z, fikir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finde bulunarak karara var\u0131n\u0131z yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. O levhan\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131larak, yerine \u201cH\u00e2kimiyet kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z milletindir\u201d levhas\u0131n\u0131n konulmas\u0131na epeyce vakit vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki o g\u00fcn Meclis binas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arken Mustafa Kemal\u2019in zihni neyle me\u015fguld\u00fc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Nutuk\u2019ta anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcnlerde, bizi en \u00e7ok u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131ran, D\u00fczce, Hendek, Gerede gibi Bolu b\u00f6lgesindeki yerlerden ba\u015flay\u0131p, Nall\u0131han, Beypazar\u0131 \u00fczerlerinden Ankara\u2019ya yakla\u015facak kadar geni\u015fleyen gericilik ve isyan dalgalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ben bir taraftan bu dalgalar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, bir taraftan da Ankara\u2019da toplanmakta olan ve genel durumu daha iyice bilmeyen milletvekillerini deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0131rakmamak ve b\u00f6yle durumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla, Meclis\u2019in toplanamamas\u0131 gibi u\u011fursuz ihtimalleri \u00f6nlemek \u00e7arelerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordum\u201d (Nutuk<\/em>, Alfa 2005, s. 306).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kayg\u0131larla Meclis\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne al\u0131r. Bir yanda isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmaya, \u00f6te yanda mebuslar\u0131n korku ve umutsuzlu\u011fa kap\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ertesi g\u00fcn ne olaca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fildir. Bu y\u00fczden Meclis\u2019i bir an \u00f6nce a\u00e7mak istemi\u015ftir. En az\u0131ndan tarihe bir not d\u00fc\u015fecektir.  Acelesi vard\u0131r: \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmet kurmak zaruridir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat bu arada Hac\u0131 Bayram Tekkesi\u2019nde  Mevlevi \u00e7elebisinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplant\u0131lar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sar\u0131kl\u0131 hocalar bir takrir (\u00f6nerge\/ bildirge) haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Takrirde, \u201cYapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u015fler i\u00e7in padi\u015fahtan izin almak l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r,\u201d denilmektedir (akt. \u015eevket S\u00fcreyya Aydemir, Tek Adam<\/em>, Remzi 1977, c.2, s. 269). Sar\u0131k ile Kalpak aras\u0131ndaki y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fctecaviz m\u00fccadelenin Meclis\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda etkili oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu arada \u0130stanbul Meclisi Reisi Cel\u00e2lettin Arif Bey ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.  Mevcut durumdan pek bir \u015fey anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle muhalefette bulunur. \u201cBu Meclis, \u0130stanbul Meclisi\u2019nin devam\u0131d\u0131r, ben de zaten \u0130stanbul Meclisi\u2019nin Reisiyim,\u201d der. \u201cYeni intihaplara, yeni kanunlara ne l\u00fczum var? Ben Reislik sandalyesine oturay\u0131m, siz de benim i\u015flemi\u015f iki ayl\u0131k maa\u015f\u0131m\u0131 vermenin yolunu aray\u0131n!\u201d (akt. \u015eevket S\u00fcreyya Aydemir, agy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal bu teklifi biraz ters fakat mevcut ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a yumu\u015fak bir tutumla reddeder. Asl\u0131nda bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir and\u0131r.  Her ne kadar \u0130stanbul\u2019daki meclisin bir k\u0131s\u0131m mebusan\u0131 Ankara\u2019da haz\u0131r bulunsa da, B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin \u0130stanbul\u2019daki meclisin devam\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olur. Bu tamamen yeni bir meclistir, Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele\u2019yi y\u00fcr\u00fctecek Devlet\u2019i kurmak i\u00e7in toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23 Nisan 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc Meclis\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131 Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Hareketi\u2019nin kendi Devlet\u2019ini kurarak Anadolu halk\u0131n\u0131 kurtulu\u015f davas\u0131nda birle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 and\u0131r. Bir bak\u0131ma \u201cikili iktidar\u201d durumu vard\u0131r. Sultanl\u0131k ile Hilafet\u2019in ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndan (1 Kas\u0131m 1922) sonra Sultan Vahdettin\u2019in \u0130ngiliz dretnotuyla \u0130stanbul\u2019u terk etmesine (17 Kas\u0131m 1922) kadar bu ikili iktidar durumu s\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal, Meclis\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yaparken 39 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. 26 A\u011fustos 1922 sabah\u0131 Kocatepe\u2019de at\u0131ndan indi\u011finde 41 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015funa giden yolda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hayat\u0131 boyunca gericilerin safsatalar\u0131yla, isyanlar\u0131 ve tuzaklar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rt cephesinde sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden etkilenmi\u015f askerlerden, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nden kalan sivillerden olu\u015fan silahl\u0131 ve te\u015fkilatl\u0131 -ve elbette kalpakl\u0131- \u00e7ekirdek kadro, B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni kurmu\u015f, daha sonra Cumhuriyet\u2019i ilan etmi\u015ftir.  Bu kadronun yolu zaman zaman sar\u0131kl\u0131larla birle\u015fmi\u015f, sonra ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ileriki evrelerde kurucu kadrodan sar\u0131kl\u0131lara yakla\u015fanlar, sar\u0131kl\u0131lardan saf de\u011fi\u015ftirenler olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat sar\u0131kl\u0131 ile kalpakl\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmazl\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, son yirmi y\u0131lda iyice alevlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas sebebi nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esas sebep, egemenlikle ilgilidir. Sar\u0131kl\u0131lar egemenli\u011fin kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z Allah\u2019a ait oldu\u011funu ve vek\u00e2leten Sultan ve\/ya da Halife taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilece\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Kalpakl\u0131lar ise egemenli\u011fin kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z millete ait oldu\u011funu ve ancak Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilebilece\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalpakl\u0131lar halk\u0131 millet, ferdi yurtta\u015f olarak; sar\u0131kl\u0131lar ise halk\u0131 \u00fcmmet, ferdi kul olarak tasavvur etmi\u015flerdir. Birincisine vatan olan topraklar, ikincisine dar\u00fcl harp olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Burada uzla\u015fmaz bir \u00e7eli\u015fki vard\u0131r.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015fanan tarihsel deneyimlere, Ayd\u0131nlanma ve modernle\u015fme giri\u015fimlerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman, Cumhuriyetimizin sa\u011flam dayanaklar \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu dayanaklar Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lke ve \u0130nk\u0131laplar\u0131, Devrim Kanunlar\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dayanaklar\u0131n sa\u011flam oldu\u011funu, onu y\u0131kmak isteyenlerin giri\u015fimlerini korka korka, sinsice s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme \u00e7abalar\u0131ndan, hatta zoru g\u00f6r\u00fcnce ona s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmalar\u0131ndan, iktidara gelmi\u015f ve Devlet\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f olsalar bile Cumhuriyet Devrimi\u2019ni ancak \u00e7ekinerek, ucundan k\u00f6\u015fesinden y\u0131pratma giri\u015fimlerinden anl\u0131yoruz. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131nla\u015facaklar\u0131, \u201c\u015fahsi menfaatlerini m\u00fcstevlinin siyas\u00ee emelleriyle tevhit ederek\u201d memleketi felakete s\u00fcr\u00fcklemekten \u00e7ekinmeyecekleri a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gerilemeler, duraksamalar, giderek \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar olsa da istikamet Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019ya, demokratik ve laik bir sosyal hukuk devletine do\u011frudur. Bu inan\u00e7la, herkesin 23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kutluyorum. Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 23. 04. 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan          Y\u00fcz bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce bug\u00fcn Millet Meclisi\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcnde dualar okunup kurbanlar kesildikten sonra Mustafa Kemal binan\u0131n iki \u00fc\u00e7 basamakl\u0131 merdivenlerini \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, kap\u0131daki k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 beyaz kurdeleleri bir makasla kesti, mebuslar heyeti topluca i\u00e7eriye girdi. O g\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fczel bir bahar g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6\u011fle saatlerinde Hac\u0131 Bayram Camii\u2019nde toplanan cemaat Cuma namaz\u0131n\u0131 … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “23 N\u0130SAN 1920: KALPAKLILAR VE SARIKLILAR”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=760"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":762,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions\/762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}