{"id":718,"date":"2021-03-07T08:56:14","date_gmt":"2021-03-07T06:56:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=718"},"modified":"2021-03-07T08:56:14","modified_gmt":"2021-03-07T06:56:14","slug":"sigir-derisiyle-kapli-anayasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=718","title":{"rendered":"SI\u011eIR DER\u0130S\u0130YLE KAPLI ANAYASA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Yar\u0131mada Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1808-1814) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 evresinde esir d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir \u0130spanyol soylusu Napoleon Bonaparte\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karak hayk\u0131r\u0131r: \u201cSen para i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131yorsun, biz \u015ferefimiz i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131yoruz!\u201d  Napoleon, at\u0131n\u0131 durdurup adama bakar. \u201cDo\u011fru s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsun\u201d der, \u201cherkes kendisinde olmayan \u015fey i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Biz de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 iki y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r kendimizde olmayan \u015fey i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131yoruz, Hukuk ar\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Hukukun adalet da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131 beklenir. Adaletin simgesi g\u00f6zleri ba\u011fl\u0131, end\u00e2m\u0131 yerinde gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131nd\u0131r. Bir elinde tuttu\u011fu teraziyle iddiay\u0131 tartar, \u00f6teki elindeki k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la su\u00e7luyu cezaland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu karakter asl\u0131nda Yunan mitolojisinden \u00e7\u0131karak evrenselle\u015fmi\u015ftir.  Mitolojide Gaia ile Uran\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn k\u0131z\u0131 Themis olarak ge\u00e7er. Adaleti ve d\u00fczeni sa\u011flayan Themis, insanlar aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f ve makam fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeden   g\u00f6revini icra eder; g\u00f6zlerinin k\u00f6r, terazisinin hassas, k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n keskin olmas\u0131 beklenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Ancak man\u015fetteki karikat\u00fcrde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, adalet daima istibdad\u0131n amans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olan h\u00fcrriyet taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fcrriyet her defas\u0131nda adaleti \u00f6per, onu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr, arkas\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitlelerin g\u00fcc\u00fcyle onu ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131r ve farkl\u0131 bir surette yeniden yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Buradan hareketle, doktrine bir katk\u0131 olarak, hukukun asl\u0131nda macun gibi bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu, adalet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00e7a\u011flara g\u00f6re s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini, d\u00f6nemsel oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.  S\u0131vad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z macun y\u00fczeydeki ar\u0131zalar\u0131, derinlerdeki kusurlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlerden gizler. S\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen madd\u00ee ko\u015fullara, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131r ve toplumun y\u00fckselerek ya da al\u00e7alarak de\u011fi\u015fen k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131yla ko\u015fullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Ayn\u0131 zamanda hiyerar\u015fiktir. En tepede anayasa yer al\u0131r. Devlet te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fleyi\u015fini, yurtta\u015flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6revlerini kurallara ba\u011flar.  Bu kurallar\u0131 ihlal etmek en b\u00fcy\u00fck su\u00e7tur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Anayasa da s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irir.  Toplumun beklentileri, farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n talepleri, ilerlemenin ya da gerilemenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar ve de\u011fi\u015fen kitle k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle birlikte anayasalar da de\u011fi\u015fir.  Mesela Frans\u0131z anayasas\u0131 1789\u2019dan sonra tam 15 kez de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir.   Amerikan anayasas\u0131 1788\u2019den sonra 27 kez de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir; \u00fcstelik \u201camendment\u201d diye bir \u015fey vard\u0131r ki icab\u0131nda anayasaya ek maddeler koyma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  En az de\u011fi\u015fen anayasalardan biri   Bismarck\u2019\u0131n 1871 tarihli Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Anayasas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r; 1919\u2019da Weimar Anayasas\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, Nazilerin adalete tecav\u00fcz\u00fcnden sonra 1949\u2019da \u201cTemel Yasa\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeden bir kez daha de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, 1990\u2019da iki Almanya birle\u015fince do\u011fuyu da kapsam\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rnekler \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131labilir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Yani anayasalar de\u011fi\u015fir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, biz ne bi\u00e7im devletiz h\u00e2l\u00e2 anayasa tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz, hangi anayasay\u0131 (1921-24-61-82-2017) esas alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131k diye a\u011fla\u015fman\u0131n ne faydas\u0131 ne de anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u00d6nemli olan, anayasan\u0131n nas\u0131l yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Birincisi, yani yazmak \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. Sa\u011flam bir masan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda iyi bir dolmakalemle bir A4 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine me\u015frebinize, ideolojinize, davan\u0131za ve ideallerinize g\u00f6re g\u00fczelce bir anayasa yazabilirsiniz. Yeterli g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcz varsa anayasan\u0131z\u0131   her t\u00fcrl\u00fc demagoji, palavra, bo\u015f vaat ve kand\u0131rmacayla savunup topluma tan\u0131t\u0131r, bir bi\u00e7imde yasama meclisine onaylat\u0131r, referanduma g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda afallam\u0131\u015f, uyur gezer halk\u0131n yar\u0131dan biraz fazlas\u0131 \u201cbelki daha iyi olur\u201d diye onay verir, anayasan\u0131z y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer, t\u0131k\u0131r t\u0131k\u0131r i\u015fler. Devletin ya da toplumun i\u00e7inde \u201cLan sen n\u2019ap\u0131yorsun!\u201d diye size m\u00fcdahale edecek bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yoksa, bu yolu izleyerek yasama-y\u00fcr\u00fctme-yarg\u0131 toplar\u0131yla bir jongl\u00f6r gibi oynayarak hepsini kaybedip tek kuvvette toplar, isterseniz hilafeti getirir, padi\u015fah olursunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Fakat ikincisi, yani yapmak   \u00e7ok zordur. H\u00fcrriyet ate\u015finin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan anayasa toplumsal m\u00fccadeleyle yap\u0131l\u0131r, kanla irfanla yaz\u0131l\u0131r.  Bu anayasalara \u201cinsan derisiyle kapl\u0131 anayasa\u201d denir.  Mesela bizim 1961 Anayasam\u0131z b\u00f6yledir. Toplumsal ve siyasal m\u00fccadelelerin sonucu olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir Kurucu Meclis Anayasas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu Anayasa toplumun \u00e7ok ilerisinde, devrimci bir anayasayd\u0131.  Yetmi\u015fli y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Orgeneral Memduh Ta\u011fma\u00e7\u2019\u0131n  s\u00f6zleriyle,  bu anayasa y\u00fcz\u00fcnden patlak veren sosyal uyan\u0131\u015f ekonomik geli\u015fmeyi a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yani diyordu ki toplumu uyutup ekonomiyle ayn\u0131 hizaya getirmek laz\u0131md\u0131r, yoksa maazallah ekonomi de de\u011fi\u015fir, yoksul zenginin mal\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6ker, ayaklar ba\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeterince sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu ilerici, Ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131 Anayasa toplumu ileriye do\u011fru \u00e7ekecek yerde, siyas\u00ee toplumun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan geriye do\u011fru itildi; \u00fczerine \u015fal \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fc, tepelendi, en kararl\u0131 savunucular\u0131yla birlikte \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, tamamen yok edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet, \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131ndan biri olan \u201ckom\u00fcnizm\u201di, memleketin kom\u00fcnizmle alakas\u0131 olmayan b\u00fct\u00fcn entelekt\u00fcel birikimiyle, sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, bilim adam\u0131 ve akademisyeniyle birlikte yok etti. \u0130kinci d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olan b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Devlet, ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir yol izleyerek yalpalad\u0131, hatta onu TBMM\u2019ye yerle\u015ftirdi. Ve nihayet Devlet, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc geleneksel d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olan gericili\u011fe hem kendisini hem de b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumu teslim etti.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Neyse, uzatmayal\u0131m\u2026  Tarih bu netice olarak, de\u011fi\u015ftiremezsiniz, \u00f6fkelenmenin de bu saatten sonra bir anlam\u0131 ve faydas\u0131 yoktur\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan derisiyle kapl\u0131 bir anayasa yapam\u0131yorsan\u0131z, birileri mutlaka \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcze s\u0131\u011f\u0131r derisiyle kapl\u0131 bir anayasa koyacakt\u0131r. S\u0131\u011f\u0131r derisiyle kapl\u0131 anayasan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunu, halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun yeni anayasa ile kendi hayat standard\u0131 ve yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin kalitesi aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kurma imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.  \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu bizatihi halk\u0131n kendi m\u00fccadelesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan bir anayasa de\u011fildir.  \u201cSiyas\u00ee iktidar\u0131n sivil anayasas\u0131\u201d diye bir \u015fey olabilir mi? Herkesin bu konuda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131\u011f\u0131r derisiyle kapl\u0131 anayasalar \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar ge\u00e7erli olabilir. Her toplum lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu rejimle y\u00f6netilir demi\u015f Churchill.  Fakat toplumsal m\u00fccadelenin zirvesinde h\u00fcrriyet adaleti \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman, bu t\u00fcrden anayasalar bir k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak y\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131p tarihin \u00e7\u00f6p kutusuna at\u0131l\u0131r.  Halk\u0131 sonsuza kadar uyutamazs\u0131n\u0131z. K\u0131t kaynaklarla kendi burjuvazinizi sonsuza kadar besleyemezsiniz; medya borazan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sonsuza kadar \u00f6tt\u00fcrerek b\u00fct\u00fcn sesleri bast\u0131ramazs\u0131n\u0131z. Sonunda insanlar tarihin u\u011fultusuna kulak verirler, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r derisiyle kapl\u0131 anayasan\u0131z\u0131 koltu\u011funuzun alt\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p sizi g\u00f6nderirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte o zaman halk yeni bir Konvansiyon, yeni bir Mukavele, bir Toplum S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi aramaya ba\u015flar. Bunu bilin\u00e7li, kitab\u00ee olarak aramaz elbette. Yanarda\u011f, ben patlayay\u0131m \u015fimdi diye patlamaz, tektonik ve jeolojik sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc patlar. Toplumsal p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmenin de derinlerde yatan kendi sebepleri vard\u0131r.  M\u00fccadelenin i\u00e7inden bir Kurucu \u0130rade \u00e7\u0131kar, o irade s\u0131\u011f\u0131r derisiyle kapl\u0131 anayasay\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r, Kurucu Meclis yeni bir anayasa yapar ve o anayasan\u0131n arkas\u0131na sa\u011flam bir muhaf\u0131z g\u00fcc\u00fc yerle\u015fir. \u0130\u015fte o herkesin sahici anayasas\u0131 olur. Karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flar olabilir fakat toplam gidi\u015fat Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019ya do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sokaklar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu g\u00fczel Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcnde herkese ak\u0131l fikir ve zihin a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 diliyorum. Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 07. 03. 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan             Yar\u0131mada Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1808-1814) ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 evresinde esir d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir \u0130spanyol soylusu Napoleon Bonaparte\u2019\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karak hayk\u0131r\u0131r: \u201cSen para i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131yorsun, biz \u015ferefimiz i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131yoruz!\u201d  Napoleon, at\u0131n\u0131 durdurup adama bakar. \u201cDo\u011fru s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsun\u201d der, \u201cherkes kendisinde olmayan \u015fey i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131r.\u201d          Biz de a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 iki y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r kendimizde olmayan \u015fey i\u00e7in sava\u015f\u0131yoruz, Hukuk ar\u0131yoruz.          … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “SI\u011eIR DER\u0130S\u0130YLE KAPLI ANAYASA”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=718"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":720,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/718\/revisions\/720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}