Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda devrim \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn Latin Amerika\u2019y\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan K\u00fcba, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybederek yava\u015f\u00e7a s\u00f6nen bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131yor. Ernesto Che Guevara\u2019n\u0131n elli bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 9 Ekim 1967 g\u00fcn\u00fc CIA\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi Bolivya askerleri taraf\u0131ndan La Higuera k\u00f6y\u00fcnde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bu uzun gerileme s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Latin Amerika ve Antiller\u2019in \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc 15. asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, co\u011frafi ke\u015fiflerle ba\u015flar. Hernan Cortez\u2019in Meksika\u2019y\u0131 (1521), Francisco Pizzaro\u2019nun Peru\u2019yu (1533) fethetmesinden sonra Latin Amerika halklar\u0131 klasik s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikten kurtulmak i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz y\u0131l sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Ard\u0131ndan yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu uzun d\u00f6nemde s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u0131tay\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7layan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck isyan dalgas\u0131 oldu. Birincisine \u00f6nderlik eden Simon Bolivar (Libertador\/Kurtar\u0131c\u0131) \u0130spanyol s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015farak Kolombiya, Venezuela, Panama, Peru ve Ekvador\u2019u birle\u015ftirdi, \u201cK\u0131tasal Devrim\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin temellerini att\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kinci dalga, K\u00fcba devrimcilerinin Batista diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne isyan ederek Sierra Maestra\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 (1956), \u015fehirlerde 26 Temmuz Hareketi\u2019ni (M-26-7) \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeleriyle ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nden Peru\u2019daki gerilla hareketi Sandino Luminoso\u2019nun 1992\u2019de tasfiye edilmesine kadar ge\u00e7en otuz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinde gerilla m\u00fccadelesinin her t\u00fcr\u00fc denendi, kent ve k\u0131r gerillas\u0131 \u00fczerine teoriler geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Che Guevara\u2019n\u0131n CIA taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu ve \u201cSalvadorla\u015fma\u201d denilen s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flad\u0131. S\u00fcrecin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sonra yerle\u015fen bu terim ilk kez Farabundo Marti Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi (FMLN) gerillalar\u0131 ile h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fc\u00e7leri aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015fta kazanan\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir denge durumunu anlatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde gerilla hareketleri giderek Bolivar ve K\u00fcbal\u0131 devrimcilerin idealizminden ve erdeminden uzakla\u015farak yozla\u015fma belirtileri g\u00f6sterdi. Sandino Luminoso kendi taraftarlar\u0131na bile vah\u015fi bir \u015fiddet uygulad\u0131, giderek bir t\u00fcr K\u0131z\u0131lderili \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na savruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu gerileme s\u00fcrecinde elbette ABD\u2019nin \u201carka bah\u00e7e\u201dsini korumak i\u00e7in kendi adamlar\u0131n\u0131 iktidara getirmesinin, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere muazzam miktarda askeri yard\u0131m, CIA uzman\u0131 vs sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n da etkisi oldu. Nikaragua Devrimi CIA\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi Kontralar\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 sava\u015fla, etnik Miskitolar\u0131n ayaklanmas\u0131yla y\u0131prat\u0131ld\u0131 ve radikal bir kopu\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremedi. Venezuela\u2019da Hugo Chavez\u2019in 1997\u2019de ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Be\u015finci Cumhuriyet Hareketi de benzer y\u00f6ntemlerle ku\u015fatma alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Kolombiya Halk Ordusu (FARC) K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n arabuluculu\u011fuyla silah b\u0131rakt\u0131 (2015). Meksika\u2019da maskeli \u201cSubcommandante Marcos\u201dun postmodern (!) Zapatista (EZLN) soytar\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tiyatro niteli\u011findeki g\u00f6sterilerini ise kimse ciddiye almad\u0131. Fakat hi\u00e7biri ABD\u2019nin paral\u0131 askeri olacak kadar \u015ferefsiz bir duruma d\u00fc\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1960\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcnde iki se\u00e7enek vard\u0131: ya sosyalizme ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde ABD\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 SSCB\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politika ayg\u0131t\u0131 olarak ayakta kalacak ya da Latin Amerika ve Afrika\u2019da gerilla m\u00fccadelesini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rarak d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sarsan \u201cunos, dos, tres, muchos\u201d Vietnamlar yaratacakt\u0131. Birinci se\u00e7ene\u011fi Fidel Castro, ikincisini ise Che Guevara temsil etmi\u015ftir. \u0130kisi aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktu, sadece taktik i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Che, \u00f6nce Kongo i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131larak Patrice Lumumba Taburu\u2019nu \u00f6rg\u00fctledi. Bolivya bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131. Che\u2019nin stratejisi, Bolivya-Arjantin-Paraguay \u00fc\u00e7geninde k\u0131r gerillas\u0131n\u0131 yerle\u015ftirerek k\u0131tasal devrimi geli\u015ftirmekti. B\u00f6lgedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f\u00e7i sendikalar\u0131 ve sosyalist \u00f6rg\u00fctlerden destek bekliyordu. Oysa o s\u0131rada Pekin-Moskova \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn sol hareketleri b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 68 Hareketi\u2019nin ba\u015flamas\u0131na ise daha iki y\u0131l vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk sorgusunu yapan Yarbay Andr\u00e9s Selich, \u201cNerelisiniz?\u201d diye sordu\u011funda, \u201cBen K\u00fcbal\u0131, Arjantinli, Bolivyal\u0131, Perulu \u2026 ve Ekvadorluyum\u201d diye cevap vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yankee emperyalizminin gerileme s\u00fcrecinde Simon Bolivar ve Ernesto Che Guevara\u2019n\u0131n \u201ck\u0131tasal devrim\u201d stratejisi b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131tay\u0131 bir kez daha aya\u011fa kald\u0131racakt\u0131r. Che Guevara da anahtarl\u0131klar\u0131 ve duvarlar\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen romantik bir pop k\u00fclt\u00fcr ikonu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karak yeniden ger\u00e7eklik kazanacakt\u0131r. Devrim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi asla yok olmaz. Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k<\/em>, 12. 10. 2018 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yavuz Alogan 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda devrim \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn Latin Amerika\u2019y\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan K\u00fcba, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybederek yava\u015f\u00e7a s\u00f6nen bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131yor. Ernesto Che Guevara\u2019n\u0131n elli bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 9 Ekim 1967 g\u00fcn\u00fc CIA\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi Bolivya askerleri taraf\u0131ndan La Higuera k\u00f6y\u00fcnde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bu uzun gerileme s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Latin Amerika ve Antiller\u2019in \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc 15. asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, co\u011frafi … <\/p>\n