Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tarihte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar\u0131n failleri uzun s\u00fcre ideolojik y\u00f6nlendirmeyle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mla kendili\u011finden harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. 1572\u2019de binlerce Kalvinist Protestan\u2019\u0131n katledildi\u011fi St. Barthelmi Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ya da 1995\u2019te Serebrenitsa\u2019da i\u015flenen kitlesel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman cinayetinin failleri kimlerdi? Sadece Kral IX. Charles ve annesi Catherine de Medici\u2019yi ya da S\u0131rp Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Radovan Karadzi\u00e7 ve Radko Mladi\u00e7\u2019i su\u00e7layabilir miyiz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birincisinin arkas\u0131nda Papal\u0131k b\u00fcrokrasinin a\u011f\u0131r bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne isyan eden Protestanlara kar\u015f\u0131 ko\u015fulland\u0131r\u0131lan Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n karanl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lerini; ikincisinin arkas\u0131nda ise ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere AB \u00fclkelerinin Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n orta yerindeki sosyalist cumhuriyeti etnik ve dini k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmayla yok etme arzular\u0131n\u0131 buluruz. Bu t\u00fcrden olaylar\u0131n faillerini, \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin geli\u015fmesini kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 gere\u011fi durdurmak isteyen, eski toplumsal d\u00fczenin ve iktisadi sistemin devam\u0131ndan yana olan s\u0131n\u0131fsal g\u00fc\u00e7lerde ya da emperyalist tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn ve kapitalist serbest piyasa sisteminin geni\u015fleme ve \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engelleri kald\u0131rma e\u011filiminde arar\u0131z. B\u00fct\u00fcn toplumsal olaylar\u0131n gerisinde maddi g\u00fc\u00e7lerden kaynaklanan s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkileri yer al\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u0131r\u0131lan Fay Hatlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dclkemizin yak\u0131n tarihinde ya\u015fanan katliamlar i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu olaylar tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f bir demokratik devrimin s\u0131n\u0131fsal kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na verilen tavizlerin bir sonucudur. 1978\u2019de Mara\u015f\u2019ta 105 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, y\u00fczlerce ev ve i\u015f yerinin yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 katliam; 1980\u2019de \u00c7orum\u2019da 57 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fczlerce ki\u015finin yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar; 1978\u2019de Sivas\u2019ta 10 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 100\u2019den fazla ki\u015finin yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ali Baba Mahallesi Katliam\u0131 ve nihayet 2 Temmuz 1993 g\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fanan Mad\u0131mak Oteli facias\u0131 bilin\u00e7siz kitlelerin siyas\u00ee ve ideolojik y\u00f6nlendirmeyle haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. Kitleler, oy avc\u0131s\u0131 siyasi partilerin y\u00f6nlendirmesi ya da g\u00f6rmezden gelmesiyle, Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim\u2019e paralel gizli din e\u011fitimiyle; tarikat \u015feyhlerinin, tekke dervi\u015flerinin sivil toplumu alttan alta ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle katliama haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u201cCamiyi bombalad\u0131lar\u201d ya da \u201cKuran\u2019\u0131 la\u011f\u0131ma att\u0131lar\u201d ya da \u201c\u015eeytan Ayetleri\u2019ni savundular\u201d gibi basit k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalarla kitleler g\u00f6z\u00fc d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f birer canavar s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde emperyalizmin \u201c\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 \u0130slam\u201d stratejisi Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Baas\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve Kemalizm gibi mill\u00ee demokratik devrimci hareketlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131yla ve ulus-devletlerin kurulmas\u0131yla etkisini kaybetmi\u015f olan b\u00fct\u00fcn fay hatlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rd\u0131 ve ba\u011fnaz S\u00fcnni kitleleri di\u011fer din ve mezheplerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019dan yana g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 cephele\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de fay hatlar\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dclkemizde bu t\u00fcrden \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n hem tarihi k\u00f6kleri vard\u0131, hem de ulus-devletin yerine \u201c\u00fcmmet\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmek isteyenlerin y\u0131llard\u0131r olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ideolojik altyap\u0131 haz\u0131rd\u0131. Ulus-devlet kavram\u0131yla hesapla\u015fmaya kalkarsan\u0131z, zaman i\u00e7inde mikro milliyetler ve mezhepler de birbirleriyle hesapla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar; uzak tarihin i\u00e7inde uyuklayan intikam duygular\u0131 canlan\u0131r ve bu karga\u015fadan demokrasi de\u011fil diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck, bar\u0131\u015f de\u011fil kitle katliamlar\u0131 do\u011far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Siyaset ve Laiklik<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kemalist Ayd\u0131nlanma hareketinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazan\u0131m\u0131 laikliktir. En zay\u0131f noktas\u0131 ise, en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde ba\u015fta G\u00fcneydo\u011fu olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin her yerinde kapsaml\u0131 bir toprak reformu yaparak feodal ili\u015fkileri ortadan kald\u0131ramam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz Devrimi (1640-1648), Amerikan Devrimi (1775-1783), Frans\u0131z Devrimi (1789-1799) kapitalizmin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki, Rus (1917-1953) ve \u00c7in Devrimleri (1949-1976) ise sosyalizmin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki orta\u00e7a\u011fdan kalma yap\u0131lar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p kendi toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebildikleri i\u00e7in bu \u00fclkeler geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterdiler. Kemalistler de bunu yapabilirlerdi. 1925 \u015eeyh Sait ve 1937 Dersim isyanlar\u0131n\u0131n silahla bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gericili\u011fin maddi ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir f\u0131rsat sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1946\u2019da \u00e7ok partili parlamenter yasama sistemine ge\u00e7ilmesiyle birlikte siyas\u00ee partiler her se\u00e7im d\u00f6neminde oy kayg\u0131s\u0131yla feodal ve gerici g\u00fc\u00e7lerle alttan alta i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131lar ve Cumhuriyet Devrimi Kanunlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcler. Bu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme AKP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi teklif dahi edilemeyen maddelerine kadar gelip dayand\u0131. Cumhuriyet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler bir koalisyon h\u00e2linde iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler, kendi sivil toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gerici lin\u00e7 kalabal\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131 mezhepten olanlara sald\u0131rarak katliam yapm\u0131yor ya da Cuma \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda Tevhid Bayra\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p \u201claikler\u201de kar\u015f\u0131 cihat ilan etmiyor. Bunun sebebi, kendi temsilcilerinin iktidarda olmas\u0131; siyas\u00ee \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n piyasa ekonomisiyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi ve sermayenin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sayede di\u011fer mezheplerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini b\u00f6lmeyi, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n almay\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da toplumun i\u00e7inde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gettolara hapsetmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Ancak taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131 silahland\u0131rmalar\u0131, 24 Haziran gecesi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, kendi silahl\u0131 kitlelerini alenen te\u015fhir etmeleri, saltanatlar\u0131n\u0131n sars\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki \u00f6rneklerden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ve daha vahim katliamlara giri\u015fmekten \u00e7ekinmeyeceklerini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ate\u015f D\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yeri Yakar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2 Temmuz 1993 g\u00fcn\u00fc Sivas\u2019ta 33 de\u011ferli insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n gerici \u015fiddetten korunmak i\u00e7in s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 otelin ate\u015fe verilmesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uzun gerileme s\u00fcrecinin en talihsiz olaylar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenler aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapamay\u0131z, fakat aralar\u0131nda halk ozanlar\u0131n\u0131n, \u015fairlerin, k\u00fclt\u00fcr adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 faciaya asla unutulmayacak simgesel bir boyut kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ate\u015f d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeri yakar. O u\u011fursuz gecede benim en \u00e7ok i\u00e7imi s\u0131zlatan As\u0131m Bezirci olmu\u015ftur. En ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 oydu. \u00c7ok de\u011ferli bir edebiyat ele\u015ftirmeni, Luna\u00e7arski, Brecht, Plekhanov, Sartre, Flaubert \u00fczerine kafa yormu\u015f bir \u00e7evirmendi. Yeni A <\/em>dergisindeki yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Onu gericilerin \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yanan bir binan\u0131n i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi kabullenemedim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sivas Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 25. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde her zamanki gibi anma toplant\u0131lar\u0131, sayg\u0131 duru\u015flar\u0131 yap\u0131lacak, politik nutuklar at\u0131lacak, bir ara kebap\u00e7\u0131 olan otelin \u00f6n\u00fcne karanfiller b\u0131rak\u0131lacak. Olay\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 anlat\u0131lacak: Pir Sultan heykelinin kaidesinden s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcp boynundan iple \u00e7ekilerek balta darbeleri alt\u0131nda nas\u0131l yerlerde s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi, tutu\u015fan perdeler, t\u00fcfe\u011finde mermi olmayan jandarma tak\u0131m komutan\u0131n\u0131n korkakl\u0131\u011f\u0131; valinin, emniyetin ve devlet erk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n anlay\u0131\u015fs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve beceriksizli\u011fi; Ba\u015fbakan Tansu \u00c7iller\u2019in \u201cOtelin etraf\u0131n\u0131 saran vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131za hi\u00e7bir zarar gelmemi\u015ftir\u201d demesi, Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Erdal \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u201cBundan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sonu\u00e7 laik d\u00fczen aleyhine olamaz\u201d diye sa\u00e7malamas\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn kahraman\u0131 Muhsin Yaz\u0131c\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun \u201cAziz Nesin\u2019i Sivas gibi hassas ilimize getirerek zehrini kusmas\u0131na sebep olanlar olay\u0131n birinci derecede sorumlusudur\u201d s\u00f6zleri\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bizi Sivas katliam\u0131na getiren yollar\u0131 anlamad\u0131k\u00e7a ve bu yollar\u0131 kesmedik\u00e7e ne yapsak nafile!… Atat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Derne\u011fi<\/em>, 30. 06. 2018<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yavuz Alogan Tarihte ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar\u0131n failleri uzun s\u00fcre ideolojik y\u00f6nlendirmeyle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mla kendili\u011finden harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. 1572\u2019de binlerce Kalvinist Protestan\u2019\u0131n katledildi\u011fi St. Barthelmi Katliam\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ya da 1995\u2019te Serebrenitsa\u2019da i\u015flenen kitlesel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman cinayetinin failleri kimlerdi? Sadece Kral IX. Charles ve annesi Catherine de Medici\u2019yi ya da S\u0131rp Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Radovan Karadzi\u00e7 ve Radko … <\/p>\n