Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kinci So\u011fuk Sava\u015f 1970\u2019lerin ortas\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. OPEC\u2019in petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmesi, Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenilgiyle \u00e7\u0131kan ABD\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetini biraz daha zay\u0131flatm\u0131\u015f, 1960\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda SSCB\u2019de ke\u015ffedilen yeni petrol ve do\u011faz gaz yataklar\u0131, bu \u00fclkenin enerji rezervlerinin uluslararas\u0131 piyasa de\u011ferini bir anda d\u00f6rde katlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00fcnya kapitalizminin Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 bu y\u0131llarda sona ermi\u015f ve yeni bir devrimci dalga d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Portekiz\u2019de Salazar rejimi \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, Etyopya\u2019daki devrim Afrika\u2019daki g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f, Yunanistan\u2019daki Albaylar Cuntas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130spanya\u2019da Frankizm sona ermi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Orta Amerika ve Karaibler sola do\u011fru y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f, Nikaragua\u2019da devrim olmu\u015f, El Salvador\u2019da i\u00e7 sava\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1970\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri b\u00fct\u00fcn bu m\u00fccadele alanlar\u0131nda en sa\u011fc\u0131, fa\u015fist ve militer g\u00fc\u00e7lerle ittifak kuran ABD, kendisini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kaybedenlerin saf\u0131nda buldu. N\u00fckleer g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrekli geli\u015ftiren SSCB ise kazananlar\u0131n saf\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. 1979\u2019da Sovyet birliklerinin \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra ilk kez kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak Afganistan\u2019a girmesi ve \u0130ran\u2019da \u015eah\u2019\u0131n devrilmesi, \u0130kinci So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
12 Eyl\u00fcl askeri darbesi, b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fcnyada, Reagan y\u00f6netiminin paranoyak askeri dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki ABD kalesini tahkim etme arzular\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yeni sermaye birikim modelinin mevcut anayasal ve sendikal haklar nedeniyle uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren T\u00fcrkiye burjuvazisi, parlamentodaki siyasal partilere cephe alm\u0131\u015f ve askerlerin \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7oktan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kadife hal\u0131lar\u0131 sermi\u015f, bekliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6zetle, 12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesi, \u201cy\u00fckselen sol dalga\u201dy\u0131 durdurmak ya da i\u00e7 sava\u015f tehlikesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, ABD d\u0131\u015f siyasetinin ve yeni bir iktisadi modelin gere\u011fini yapmak i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 1977\u2019nin kanl\u0131 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131ndan sonra \u201csol dalga\u201d ini\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve rejime y\u00f6nelik bir \u201ctehdit\u201d olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Aral\u0131k 1978\u2019de ya\u015fanan Kahramanmara\u015f katliam\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan il\u00e2n edilen s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim, b\u00fct\u00fcn 12 Eyl\u00fcl ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi, potansiyel i\u00e7 sava\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n kontroll\u00fc bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
12 Eyl\u00fcl cuntas\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ABD\u2019nin \u00e7izdi\u011fi stratejiyi, \u00e7ok temkinli ve dikkatli ad\u0131mlarla uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tari\u015f bask\u0131n\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, Fatsa bask\u0131n\u0131yla sol gruplar\u0131n direni\u015f potansiyelini \u00f6l\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6n\u00fcndeki yolun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Darbeden hemen sonra D\u0130SK\u2019i ve M\u0130SK\u2019i kapatm\u0131\u015f, ancak T\u00fcrk-\u0130\u015f Genel Sekreteri\u2019ni bakan yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Siyasal partileri kapatmak i\u00e7in tam bir sene beklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cuntay\u0131 olu\u015fturan generaller, yak\u0131n ve uzak tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclen benzerlerine k\u0131yasla, olduk\u00e7a temkinli, dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ufku k\u0131\u015fla nizam\u0131 ve NATO konseptiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 basit kararg\u00e2h subaylar\u0131yd\u0131. Sendikac\u0131lar\u0131n teslim olmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 Selimiye K\u0131\u015flas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 uzun kuyruklar\u0131; binlerce silahl\u0131 sol militan\u0131n \u201ckurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d oldu\u011fu iddia edilen b\u00f6lgelerde ciddi bir direni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctleyebilecek kite ba\u011flar\u0131na ve kapasiteye sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131; Demirel\u2019in g\u00f6zalt\u0131ndayken, Turgut \u00d6zal\u2019a telefon edip, \u201caskerlere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z kardi\u015fim\u201d dedi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e, \u00f6zg\u00fcvenleri artt\u0131 ve topluma nizam vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. O s\u0131rada Pentagon uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u201cye\u015fil ku\u015fak\u201dla kom\u00fcnizmi ku\u015fatma stratejisini abartarak, T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam sentezine yol verdiler, Suudi sermayesine yakla\u015ft\u0131lar, halk\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Kuran\u2019dan ayet okumaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 1983\u2019e gelindi\u011finde g\u00f6rev s\u00fcrelerini tamamlam\u0131\u015flar ve toplumu d\u00fczlemi\u015flerdi. Yerlerini, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ideolojik \u201csentez\u201di \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcten dizginsiz bir liberalizme ve vah\u015fi bir kapitalizme b\u0131rakarak k\u0131\u015flalar\u0131na \u00e7ekildiler. Yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 ucube kendi ideolojik ve tarihsel varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayana kadar, yani 28 \u015eubat\u2019a kadar, seslerini \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
12 Eyl\u00fcl sosyalist solun zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu zaaflar\u0131n en birincisi \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcn siyasal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme\u201d yeteneksizli\u011fidir. Tarihsel analojilerle olu\u015fturulan \u201cdevrim stratejileri\u201d, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 feti\u015fizmi, k\u0131smi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n abart\u0131lmas\u0131yla ula\u015f\u0131lan muhayyel i\u00e7 sava\u015f ve direni\u015f saptamalar\u0131, gidi\u015fat\u0131n (ya da sevk edili\u015fin) y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc karartmaktan ba\u015fka bir i\u015fe yaramad\u0131. Oysa Marksizm\u2019in \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, gelece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilmesinde, \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir toplumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yans\u0131tan \u00f6geleri b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirebilmesinde yatar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cE\u011fer\u201d ya da \u201cke\u015fke\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fckleriyle tarih yorumu yap\u0131lmaz. Ama gene de insan\u0131n akl\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli sorular geliyor. Sosyalist sol, b\u00fct\u00fcn zaaflar\u0131na ra\u011fmen cuntaya topluca direnebilecek imk\u00e2nlardan tamamen yoksun muydu? Ya da hapisane d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda direnebilecek yer kalmam\u0131\u015f m\u0131yd\u0131? Direnilseydi ya da eldeki b\u00fct\u00fcn imk\u00e2nlar, birbirinden kopuk ve sistemsiz de olsa direni\u015f i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7irilebilseydi; generaller, sosyalistlerin, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve sendikac\u0131lar\u0131n barikatlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rarak zaferlerini kazanm\u0131\u015f olsalard\u0131, bug\u00fcn sosyalist sol ve sendikalar bu halde olur muydu? Solun ve sosyalizmin, kendi sorunlar\u0131na bile yabanc\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f halk\u0131n belle\u011findeki ve vicdan\u0131ndaki yeri bu kadar zay\u0131f olur muydu? A\u011fz\u0131m\u0131zdan ya da kalemimizden \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler, kurdu\u011fumuz partiler, \u201cmuhalif s\u00f6ylemler\u201dimiz biraz daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmaz m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesinin tarihi, sosyalist solun hapisaneler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda direnemeyi\u015finin, bug\u00fcne de \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak derslerle dolu tarihi olarak hen\u00fcz yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 16. 08. 2000<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Yavuz Alogan \u0130kinci So\u011fuk Sava\u015f 1970\u2019lerin ortas\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. OPEC\u2019in petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmesi, Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenilgiyle \u00e7\u0131kan ABD\u2019nin uluslararas\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetini biraz daha zay\u0131flatm\u0131\u015f, 1960\u2019lar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda SSCB\u2019de ke\u015ffedilen yeni petrol ve do\u011faz gaz yataklar\u0131, bu \u00fclkenin enerji rezervlerinin uluslararas\u0131 piyasa de\u011ferini bir anda d\u00f6rde katlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00fcnya kapitalizminin Alt\u0131n \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 bu y\u0131llarda sona ermi\u015f ve yeni bir … <\/p>\n