Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kafam\u0131z\u0131n siyasetle ilgilenen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2l\u00e2 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re i\u015fliyor. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kafas\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nceki ideolojik m\u00fccadelelere tak\u0131l\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu d\u00f6nemin zengin ideolojik ve siyas\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, sanat\u0131 ve edebiyat\u0131 d\u00fcnya saatine g\u00f6re biraz gecikerek de olsa 60\u2019l\u0131 ve 70\u2019li y\u0131llarda zihnimizi bi\u00e7imlendirdi. D\u00f6nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck ideolojik hesapla\u015fmas\u0131 olan \u0130spanyol \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 mesela\u2026 Monar\u015fist, sosyalist (sosyal demokrat), kom\u00fcnist, anar\u015fist, liberal, fa\u015fist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler bu sava\u015fta silah \u00e7ekerek birbirine girdi; \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n provas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Franco\u2019nun Fas\u2019tan getirdi\u011fi askerler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu i\u00e7 sava\u015fta para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sava\u015fan kimse yoktu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n siyasetle ilgilenen beyin b\u00f6lgesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha da gerilere, 1900\u2019lere odaklanm\u0131\u015f. O d\u00f6nemde imparatorluklar milliyet\u00e7i hareketlerle sars\u0131l\u0131rken, Avrupal\u0131 sosyal demokrat i\u015f\u00e7i partileri siyasalla\u015fan proletaryay\u0131 yeni bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler d\u00fcnyas\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131yordu; Rusya\u2019da ihtilalci asker \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Dekambristlerin ve silahl\u0131 Narodnaya Volya (Halk\u0131n \u0130radesi) hareketinin miras\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren devrimciler, toplumu Marksist terminolojiyle yeniden yorumluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O s\u0131rada d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu ne kadard\u0131 dersiniz? Sadece 1 milyar 750 milyon. Yani onca tantana, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, sava\u015f, katliam, devrim, edebiyat sadece birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz milyon insan aras\u0131nda cereyan ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Siyas\u00ee yelpazenin, yani ortada merkezin, onun sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda ise ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nem fikriyat\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gelen, en u\u00e7larda radikal renklere b\u00fcr\u00fcnen merkez sa\u011f ve merkez solun olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve beynimizin siyasetle ilgilenen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sa\u011flam tan\u0131mlarla yerle\u015fmesi 1950\u2019lerde ve 1960\u2019larda tamamland\u0131. 1960\u2019ta d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu sadece 3 milyar 32 milyon kadard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1968\u2019de Fransa\u2019da ba\u015flayan gen\u00e7lik ayaklanmas\u0131 sa\u011f, sol ve merkez kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 sarsarak onlar\u0131 yenilenmeye zorlad\u0131. Nazi, Kom\u00fcnist ya da direni\u015f\u00e7i ana babalar\u0131na isyan eden gen\u00e7ler, kapitalizme, reel sosyalizme, NATO\u2019ya ve Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131\u2019na sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Kitle hareketi alts\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n deste\u011fini kazanamay\u0131nca (o s\u0131rada bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n durumu \u00e7ok da k\u00f6t\u00fc de\u011fildi, refahtan hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir pay al\u0131yorlard\u0131) ya\u015fl\u0131 ve tecr\u00fcbeli devletler di\u015flerini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar; gen\u00e7lik hareketi silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye do\u011fru sap\u0131nca onu ezdiler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fcnya devletleri 68 olaylar\u0131na iki farkl\u0131 tutumla yakla\u015ft\u0131lar. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131, isyan hareketini kurumlardan ve toplumdan tecrit ederek zay\u0131flatt\u0131, en kararl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 imha ve infaz etti; hareketin uzant\u0131lar\u0131na ise pedagojik yakla\u015ft\u0131. Di\u011fer bir k\u0131sm\u0131, ki bizim devletimiz de bunlardan biri, isyanlar\u0131 toplumun demokratik ve \u00f6zerk kurumlar\u0131yla birlikte ezdi, anayasay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi, Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 paranoyak uygulamalarla gericili\u011fin yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Merkez sa\u011f ve merkez sol kendini yenileyerek \u00f6nceki yerini ve anlam\u0131n\u0131 korudu. Bu durum 1989\u2019a kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu tarihte Duvar y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Kiev\u2019den Vladivostok\u2019a kadar d\u00fcnya kapitalizminin istilas\u0131na u\u011frayarak par\u00e7aland\u0131. Fakat bir y\u0131l sonra, 1999\u2019da Rus istihbarat\u0131ndan (KGB) gelen kadro devleti ele ge\u00e7irdi ve \u00f6nce ulusalc\u0131 bir siyaset izleyerek D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, IMF gibi kurulu\u015flar\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan devleti merkezile\u015ftirerek kadim Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelene\u011fi ile Stalin d\u00f6nemi Politib\u00fcrosu\u2019nu kayna\u015ft\u0131ran \u00e7izgide yeni bir Ortodoks Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kurmaya y\u00f6neldi. Rusya kendi bat\u0131s\u0131nda ve do\u011fusunda u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131 telafi etmek, her ne kadar Arktik b\u00f6lgedeki buzullar eriyorsa da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u0131cak denizlere inmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcneyinde yer alan, bizimki dahil \u201cb\u00f6lgesel devletler\u201di kendi y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde toplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu olmamakla birlikte bu b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluk stratejisinde ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kaydedelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7in ise \u00e7ok tuhaf bir \u015fey yapt\u0131. Mao Zedung, Deng \u015eiaoping ve Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u2019le an\u0131lan, taban tabana z\u0131t \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sisteminden yepyeni bir ideolojik ala\u015f\u0131m yaratarak (\u015ei Cimping D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi!) Kom\u00fcnist Partisi\u2019nin y\u00f6netimi ve denetimi alt\u0131nda kapitalizme ge\u00e7ti. K\u0131rsal kom\u00fcnleri da\u011f\u0131tarak y\u00fcz milyonlarca emek\u00e7iyi yerli ve yabanc\u0131 sermayeli kapitalist \u015firketlerde ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak istihdam etmek \u00fczere kentlere s\u00fcrd\u00fc; onlar\u0131 g\u00fcvencesiz \u00f6lesiye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak muazzam bir sermaye biriktirdi ve k\u00fcreselle\u015fme bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devralarak d\u00fcnya ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gelece\u011fin d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ABD, \u00c7in ve Rusya\u2019dan olu\u015fan \u00fc\u00e7 kapitalist g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m m\u00fccadelesinin belirleyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcden ikisinin ittifak\u0131 (mesela ABD-\u00c7in ya da \u00c7in-Rusya ya da Rusya-ABD) \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn gerilemesine ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ayakta kalan iki emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan iktisadi n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak. \u201cExit\u201d meselesiyle u\u011fra\u015fan Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin bir s\u00fcre ara g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcp, daha sonra merkezka\u00e7 etkisiyle da\u011f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n odak noktalar\u0131ndan biri olan Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ise siyas\u00ee co\u011frafyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte Avrasya\u2019dan, daha do\u011frusu Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in ve Rusya k\u0131sm\u0131ndan y\u00fckselen yeni kapitalizmin \u015fafa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir \u0131\u015f\u0131kla ayd\u0131nlatmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Rusya\u2019da Stalin\u2019in, \u00c7in\u2019de ise Mao\u2019nun d\u00f6\u015fedi\u011fi altyap\u0131 ve merkezi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme gelene\u011fi, kapitalizmin bu iki \u00fclkede kaydetti\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturdu. Bu hakk\u0131 teslim etmek gerekir. Fakat bu iki \u00fclkenin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maceralar\u0131n \u201csosyalizm, kapitalizmden kapitalizme giden uzun ve zahmetli bir yoldur\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kim iddia edebilir? Ancak konumuz bu de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Duvar y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu 5 milyar 288 milyon idi. \u00c7inli bisikletinden inip Avrupa imalat\u0131 otomobiline bindi; \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketim artarken hayat standard\u0131 h\u0131zla y\u00fckseldi, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na gelir 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda 313 dolardan 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4228 dolara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; fakat \u201cgelir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoksullu\u011fu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltma g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahipken artan e\u015fitsizlik yoksullu\u011fu art\u0131rma e\u011filiminde oldu (\u2026) \u2026 iktisadi iyile\u015fme b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00c7inlilere yans\u0131mad\u0131\u201d (Meri\u00e7 Suba\u015f\u0131 Ertekin 2017). Fakat \u00c7in d\u00fcnya servetinden ve enerji pastas\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dilim talep edecek kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlad\u0131; sermayesini stratejik bir ayg\u0131t gibi kullanmaya, hatta sermayesinin gitti\u011fi yerlere askerlerini de g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bu geli\u015fmeler bildi\u011fimiz siyaset yelpazesini buru\u015fturup att\u0131. Merkezin solundan sa\u011f\u0131na, sa\u011f\u0131ndan soluna do\u011fru muazzam ge\u00e7i\u015fler ba\u015flad\u0131. Atlantik taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fckselen neoliberalizm dalgas\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kaplad\u0131, devletler \u015firketle\u015fmeye, \u015firketler devletle\u015fmeye, sendikalar mafyala\u015fmaya, sanayi proletaryas\u0131 co\u011frafi ve mek\u00e2nsal olarak da\u011f\u0131larak \u201cucuz\u201d ya da \u201cpahal\u0131\u201d i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlanmaya; esnek ve g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve tekelle\u015fme, \u00f6\u011fretmeni, fabrika i\u015f\u00e7isini, hekimi, bakkal\u0131, m\u00fchendisi, polisi, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t toplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesini b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mesleki tan\u0131m\u0131 ve stat\u00fcs\u00fc belirsizle\u015fen, ahlaki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve davran\u0131\u015f sorumlulu\u011fu giderek kaybolan (Bauman 2017), mutsuz, isyank\u00e2r ve kavgac\u0131 bir yeni s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n, \u201cprekarya\u201dn\u0131n bildi\u011fimiz proletaryan\u0131n yerini almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenler \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131k (heterojen) s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131 Kahire\u2019nin Tahrir, \u0130stanbul\u2019un Taksim, Paris\u2019in Concord meydan\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde boy g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tarihsel Sosyal Demokrasi, refah devleti ve b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde adalet bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geminin bordas\u0131ndan atarak, y\u0131llar \u00f6nce Tony Blair\u2019in \u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Yol\u201d maskaral\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi neoliberal c\u00fcmb\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kaybolup gitti. Medya dijitalle\u015fti, k\u00fclt\u00fcr g\u00f6rselle\u015fti, siyaset sanalla\u015ft\u0131, \u201ce\u011fitim\u201d ve \u201csa\u011fl\u0131k\u201d gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7lar parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ekolojik dengesi bozuldu, devletler ve insanlar silah feti\u015fizmine ve \u015fiddet e\u011filimine kap\u0131ld\u0131lar. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler gibi kurumlar, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk, devletleraras\u0131 anla\u015fmalar para ve silahla delik de\u015fik edilirken, \u201cinsan haklar\u0131\u201d ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kavramlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irmeye, farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlara g\u00f6re kafadan ve geli\u015fine g\u00f6re yorumlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu sekiz milyara do\u011fru ko\u015farken enerji ihtiyac\u0131 \u00f6nceki \u00e7a\u011flarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131; k\u0131t kaynaklar\u0131n rasyonel kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan sistemler zay\u0131flad\u0131k\u00e7a emperyalist \u00fclkeler enerjiyi ve enerji iletim yollar\u0131n\u0131, su ve g\u0131da kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in iti\u015fmeye, vek\u00e2let sava\u015flar\u0131yla teknolojisi azgeli\u015fmi\u015f, \u00fcretim ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme kapasitesi yetersiz, silahlanma g\u00fcc\u00fc zay\u0131f uluslar\u0131 etnik ve dinsel olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcp par\u00e7alamaya, kaynaklar\u0131na el koymaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Milliyet\u00e7i ak\u0131mlar solu da kapsayarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda bir Komintern (Kom\u00fcnist III. Enternasyonal) militan\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilerle kom\u00fcnistlerin ulus-devlet\u2019i savunmak i\u00e7in birle\u015fmelerini normal kar\u015f\u0131lard\u0131. Fakat teknoloji ve otomasyonun i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tarak onu siyas\u00ee bir \u00f6zne olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayal bile edemezdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eski d\u00fcnya y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 fakat yenisi hen\u00fcz ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin merkez, sa\u011f ve sol hareketleri direnenlerden ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrenlerden, itaat edenlerden ve itaat ettirenlerden olu\u015fan iki evrensel topluluk h\u00e2linde ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cDemokratik\u201d denilen kurumlar t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in direnen kitleler seslerini ve taleplerini ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck kitle hareketleriyle iktidara meydan okuduklar\u0131 zaman duyurabiliyorlar. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda Pekin\u2019den Nevyork\u2019a, Moskova\u2019dan Kahire\u2019ye, Londra\u2019dan Stokholm\u2019e, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Roma\u2019ya kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya muazzam kitle hareketleriyle sars\u0131lacak ve bu hareketlerin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kacak kitle partileri yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flatacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Boris Johnson\u2019a sokakta posta koyan emekli, Suudi Arabistan\u2019daki bir fabrikada grev ve isyan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kafas\u0131 kesilen Pencapl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i, Paris\u2019te Macron\u2019u giyotinle tehdit eden sar\u0131 yelekli, \u0130ran\u2019da erkek bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in sokakta m\u00fccadele eden kad\u0131n, Moskova ve Hong Kong\u2019da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck isteyen \u00f6\u011frenci, benimsedikleri ideoloji ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 bayrak her ne olursa olsun do\u011fmakta olan yeni cesur d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk temsilcileridir. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 sermaye ya da son model silahlar de\u011fil, \u201cSizi iplemiyoruz, karde\u015fim; itaat etmiyoruz!\u201d diyenler kurtaracak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bu nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, birileri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde\u2026\u201d diye s\u00f6ze ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da \u201cAvrasya\u2019n\u0131n \u015fafa\u011f\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00fcnya kuruluyor\u201d diye sevindi\u011finde ya da \u201cmerkezde bo\u015fluk var a\u011fbi, bir merkez partisi kurarsak siyaseti toparlar\u0131z\u2026\u201d diye analiz yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, beni \u00f6yle bir g\u00fclme krizi tutuyor ki sokakta g\u00f6renler delirdi\u011fimi sanabilirler. Veryans\u0131ntv<\/em>, 20. 09. 2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yavuz Alogan Kafam\u0131z\u0131n siyasetle ilgilenen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2l\u00e2 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re i\u015fliyor. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kafas\u0131 \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nceki ideolojik m\u00fccadelelere tak\u0131l\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015f. Bu d\u00f6nemin zengin ideolojik ve siyas\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, sanat\u0131 ve edebiyat\u0131 d\u00fcnya saatine g\u00f6re biraz gecikerek de olsa 60\u2019l\u0131 ve 70\u2019li y\u0131llarda zihnimizi bi\u00e7imlendirdi. D\u00f6nemin b\u00fcy\u00fck ideolojik hesapla\u015fmas\u0131 olan \u0130spanyol \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 mesela\u2026 … <\/p>\n