{"id":2077,"date":"2026-11-08T07:07:35","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T05:07:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=2077"},"modified":"2026-11-08T19:27:42","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T17:27:42","slug":"ekim-devriminden-bize-kalan-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=2077","title":{"rendered":"EK\u0130M DEVR\u0130M\u0130’NDEN B\u0130ZE KALAN NED\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcn (7 Kas\u0131m) Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin 109. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bizim Cumhuriyet Devrimi\u2019mize katk\u0131da bulunan, insanl\u0131k tarihinin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren, \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n lanetlenmi\u015fleri\u201dni aya\u011fa kald\u0131ran, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge halklar\u0131na umut olan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck olay\u0131 elbette Enternasyonal Mar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde kutluyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, tarih vermek gerekirse 1991\u2019den bu yana, Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin etki alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011filiz. Bu nedenle onun kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, yetersizliklerini, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyen vaatlerini ve bug\u00fcne ne b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 topluca de\u011ferlendirme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahibiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarih\u00ee bir olay\u0131 ancak olay\u0131n kendisini, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkileri ve ak\u0131betini ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele alarak anlayabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin \u00f6z\u00fcnde, Lenin\u2019in Bol\u015fevik Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019ni (MK) ikna ederek, monar\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 demokratik devrimi burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 sosyalist devrime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme iradesi (voluntarizm) yer al\u0131r. D\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131, Rus devrimcilerinin ve entelijansiyas\u0131n\u0131n   \u015eubat 1917 Devrimi\u2019nden beri temel talebi olan ve Ekim Devrimi\u2019nden sonra sadece iki bu\u00e7uk ay a\u00e7\u0131k kalan Kurucu Meclis\u2019in Bol\u015fevikler\u2019in h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu T\u00fcm Rusya Sovyetleri MK\u2019sinin karar\u0131yla feshedilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn iktidar\u0131n Sovyetler\u2019e ge\u00e7mesi, Rus proletaryas\u0131 ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin \u201cSava\u015fa son, k\u00f6yl\u00fcye toprak\u201d talebi etraf\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Halk\u0131n emperyalist sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme arzusu k\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve   Rus k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc devrime haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z olsayd\u0131, Ekim Devrimi bir g\u00fcn bile tutunamazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kendisinden \u00f6nceki, o s\u0131radaki ve sonraki hi\u00e7bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fckle k\u0131yaslanamayacak kadar farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri olan Rus k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131\u2019nda on y\u0131llarca Narodnikler (Narodnaya Volya) ve anar\u015fist entelekt\u00fceller taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitilmi\u015fti.  \u0130lk k\u0131rsal \u201csovyetler\u201d kuruldu\u011funda Bol\u015fevikler\u2019in ve Men\u015fevikler\u2019in ad\u0131 bile konmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.  D\u00f6nemin devrimci Rus proletaryas\u0131 ise k\u00f6yl\u00fc atalar\u0131n\u0131n liberter e\u011filimlerini tevar\u00fcs etmi\u015fti. Lenin\u2019in dehas\u0131, k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn toprak sahibi aristokrasiyi tamamen tasfiye etme potansiyelini ve \u00c7arl\u0131k\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131 ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lma e\u011filimini uygun zamanda ve sa\u011flam bir \u00f6rg\u00fcte (Sovyetler) dayanarak de\u011ferlendirebilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki Bol\u015fevikler devrim s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde ihtil\u00e2l yoluyla iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmelerini nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar ve sonras\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l planlad\u0131lar?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu soruyu yan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in Lenin\u2019in \u201cNisan Tezleri\u201dni (4 Nisan 1917), Devlet ve Devrim<\/em> (A\u011fustos-Eyl\u00fcl 1917) adl\u0131 tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f kitab\u0131n\u0131 ve Devrim\u2019den sonra Lenin\u2019in \u00f6nerisiyle Nikolay Buharin ve Yevgeniy Preobrajenskiy\u2019nin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 programatik Kom\u00fcnizm\u2019in ABC\u2019<\/em>sini, en az\u0131ndan tarih\u00e7i E. H. Carr\u2019\u0131n bu kitaba yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc  okumak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin 1921\u2019den sonra 70 y\u0131l s\u00fcren y\u00f6netim tarz\u0131 ana hatlar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 kald\u0131. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131, Bol\u015fevik Partisi\u2019nin 1921\u2019de toplanan 10. Kongresi\u2019dir. Sava\u015f Kom\u00fcnizmi d\u00f6neminin sert ve olduk\u00e7a \u00fctopik program\u0131ndan k\u0131sm\u00ee ve denetimli piyasa yap\u0131lanmas\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fi \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Yeni Ekonomi Politika (NEP) tabandan gelecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i muhalefetinin bask\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in  parti i\u00e7i fraksiyonlar (asl\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fma ve ele\u015ftiri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) bir Kongre karar\u0131yla kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve Genel Sekreterlik kurumu ihdas edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalin, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne (1953) kadar Parti\u2019nin de\u011fi\u015fmez Genel Sekreteri olarak kald\u0131. En tepede Genel Sekreter ve Politib\u00fcro, onun alt\u0131nda Merkez Komitesi, daha sonra se\u00e7imle olu\u015fan Sovyetler, onun alt\u0131nda Yerel Sovyetler vd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131, \u00f6z\u00fcnde Rus Sosyal Demokrat \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi i\u00e7inde Lenin\u2019in kurdu\u011fu Bol\u015fevik fraksiyonun savundu\u011fu parti anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Devlet y\u00f6netimine yans\u0131mas\u0131yd\u0131. Parti, bir \u00e7elik \u00e7ekirdek etraf\u0131nda toplanan profesyonel devrimcilerden olu\u015fmal\u0131yd\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde (1900’lerin ba\u015f\u0131) bu yakla\u015f\u0131m Marksist Sosyal Demokratlar\u2019\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ters d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu ve ger\u00e7ekten de anar\u015fist Sergey Ne\u00e7ayev\u2019in 1869 tarihli  \u201cDevrimcinin Kate\u015fizmi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme modeline daha yak\u0131nd\u0131. Nitekim Lenin, Devrim\u2019den sonra Ortodoks Marksistler taraf\u0131ndan Blankist (Jakoben devrimcili\u011fin sosyalist v\u00e2risi  Louis-Auguste Blanqui\u2019den m\u00fclhem), anar\u015fist, darbeci vb. diye ele\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tart\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Men\u015fevikler\u2019in saf\u0131nda yer alan Lev Tro\u00e7ki, daha 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cSiyas\u00ee G\u00f6revlerimiz\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcnde, Lenin\u2019in merkez\u00ee parti modelinin sonunda tek adam diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc: \u201cParti i\u00e7i siyasette bu y\u00f6ntem, Parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisini Parti\u2019nin yerine koymas\u0131na; Merkez Komitesi\u2019nin kendisini Parti \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine koymas\u0131na ve sonunda diktat\u00f6r\u00fcn kendisini Merkez  Komitesi\u2019nin yerine koymas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kehanet do\u011fruland\u0131 ve devrimden sonra Stalin, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ni bir imparator ya da \u00c7ar gibi y\u00f6netti. Ancak bu, Stalin\u2019in  b\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131n\u0131 devrimin  muhaf\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na adam\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir militan, sanayile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00e7\u00fc ve II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Vatan Savunmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131  bizzat \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen, hatta sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6neten sahici bir lider ve  sonras\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir devlet adam\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.  \u015e\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cBen \u00f6l\u00fcnce mezar\u0131m\u0131n \u00fczerine her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fc, pisli\u011fi y\u0131\u011facaklar fakat sonra g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r esecek ve d\u00f6k\u00fclen her pisli\u011fi temizleyecek.\u201d  Ba\u015fka yerlerde de\u011filse de bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Rusyas\u0131\u2019nda o r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n esmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SSCB\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 74 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiye gelince; her \u015feyden \u00f6nce,   kapitalizm d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde dola\u015f\u0131p duran \u201ckom\u00fcnizm hayaleti\u201dni canl\u0131 tutarak vah\u015fi kapitalizmi ehlile\u015ftirdi\u011fini, kapitalist \u00fclkelerde emek\u00e7ilerin hayat standard\u0131na dolayl\u0131 yoldan katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funu, bizimki d\u00e2hil b\u00fct\u00fcn ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketlerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.  1800\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Almanya\u2019da Bismarck\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sosyal sigorta sisteminin \u00f6zellikle 1950\u2019lerden itibaren modernle\u015ferek yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn o refah devleti, sosyal yard\u0131m, iktisad\u00ee planlama, toplumsal kalk\u0131nma, gelir b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n gerisinde, Kremlin\u2019in \u00fczerinde dalgalanan k\u0131z\u0131l bayra\u011f\u0131n kapitalist devletlerin ve d\u00fcnya burjuvazisinin y\u00fcre\u011fine sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 korku ve bu korku nedeniyle emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 isyana sebebiyet vermeyecek bir d\u00fczeyde tutma \u00e7abas\u0131 yatar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin tarih sahnesini terk etmesiyle birlikte vah\u015fi kapitalizm dizginlerinden bo\u015fald\u0131, kapitalist devletler ve h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131flar toplumun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 terk etmeye, burjuvazi yurtta\u015f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fteriye indirgeyerek devletleri i\u015fgal etmeye ve onlar\u0131 birer kapitalist \u015firket gibi y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.   BM d\u00fczeninin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, neoliberalizmin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaosta, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n n\u00fckleer sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine geli\u015finde, Sosyal Demokrasi\u2019nin neoliberalizm ak\u0131m\u0131na kap\u0131larak yok olu\u015funda SSCB\u2019nin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn pay\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Kapitalizm kendi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131 kaybedince d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ivisi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, dengesi bozuldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u0131bete gelince, bunun k\u00f6kleri Lenin ile \u201cRus Marksizmi\u2019nin Babas\u0131\u201d Georgiy Plehanov aras\u0131ndaki \u201cAsyatik Despotizm\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na (1906) kadar uzan\u0131r.  Tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusu Devrim\u2019den sonra uygulanacak \u201cTar\u0131m Program\u0131\u201dd\u0131r. Plehanov, Rusya\u2019da devrimden sonra toprak d\u00e2hil her \u015feyi kamula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n devleti ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirece\u011fini ve \u201cAsyatik despotizm\u201de yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.  Lenin ise Rusya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 dinamikleri ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle Asyatik bir gerilemeyi engelleyecek ekonomik alt yap\u0131ya sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmekle birlikte, Rus Devrimi\u2019nin kal\u0131c\u0131 olma ihtimalini geli\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrim yaparak Rusya\u2019y\u0131   desteklemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1923\u2019te, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bir y\u0131l kala Lenin bu soruna geri d\u00f6ner. Dikte ettirdi\u011fi son makalelerinde Bat\u0131\u2019da devrim olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gerili\u011fi \u00fczerinde durur. Sovyet devletinin, devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7arl\u0131k b\u00fcrokrasisine benzemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Asyatik al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klara geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler. \u00dczerine hafif bir Sovyet cil\u00e2s\u0131 \u00e7ekilmi\u015f, gerisi eski \u00c7arl\u0131k ve Asyatik b\u00fcrokrasiyle kapl\u0131 bir mekanizman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z eder.  Ko\u015fullar Rusya\u2019da bir devrim yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, sosyalizmin gerektirdi\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve uygarl\u0131k d\u00fczeyini i\u015f\u00e7i iktidar\u0131yla in\u015fa etmek gerekecektir.  Bat\u0131da Devrim yenilgiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olsa bile (1918-23) do\u011fu halklar\u0131 emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 aya\u011fa kalkmaktad\u0131r. Birinci Do\u011fu Halklar\u0131 Kurultay\u0131 1920\u2019de Bak\u00fc\u2019de toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r fakat ikincisi toplanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve yenilgiyle sonu\u00e7lanan birinci \u00c7in Devrimi\u2019ne (1925-26) be\u015f y\u0131l, \u00c7in\u2019de devrimin zaferine ise neredeyse 30 y\u0131l vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neyse, uzatmayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalin bu Asyatik b\u00fcrokrasiyi devrald\u0131, muazzam bir planl\u0131 sanayile\u015fme \u00e7abas\u0131yla ve Rus halk\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn bile di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn halklardan belirgin bi\u00e7imde ay\u0131ran k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimi asla ihmal etmeden devrimi ileriye ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. 1945\u2019te Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Bat\u0131\u2019ya do\u011fru geni\u015fleyen n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6rtte birini kapl\u0131yor, bu geni\u015f alan d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun neredeyse y\u00fczde 9\u2019unu bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu.  Geni\u015fleme Rusya i\u00e7in her zaman jeopolitik bir zorunluluk olmu\u015ftu; \u015fimdi de \u00f6yledir.  Lev Tro\u00e7ki, 1939\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir makalede, ilk kez \u201cetki alanlar\u0131\u201d terimini kullanm\u0131\u015f, 1917 sonras\u0131 jeopolitik durumla ilgili olarak \u201cDevrimci yay\u0131lma hatlar\u0131 \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lma hatlar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 idi; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc devrim co\u011frafi ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez,\u201d demi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devrimin ak\u0131beti Stalin\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra evreler h\u00e2linde kendini g\u00f6sterdi.  Pek \u00e7ok sebep aras\u0131nda ikisi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, devlet b\u00fcrokrasisini tasfiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yenilemeyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan bir idar\u00ee y\u00f6ntemin bulunamamas\u0131; zamanla, Nomenklatura denilen ve hepsi atamayla g\u00f6reve gelen, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 giderek \u00f6zelle\u015fen bir y\u00f6neticiler kast\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu partili kast\u0131n ikinci, hatta birinci ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 1991\u2019den sonra Oligark denilen Rus kapitalistlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kincisi, Bat\u0131\u2019yla giri\u015filen, ba\u015fta uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere teknoloji ve silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n; yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Afganistan sava\u015f\u0131 gibi sonu\u00e7suz jeopolitik giri\u015fimlerin muazzam maliyetinin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketim mal\u0131 \u00fcretimi \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 ve daha rasyonel bir sosyalist ekonomi kurmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan fakat mevcut devlet yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fcstesinden gelinemeyen bir dizi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z reform giri\u015fimidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlara Huru\u015fov\u2019dan sonraki gerontokrasinin sistemi tam bir atalete sokmas\u0131n\u0131 (Anthony Barnett\u2019in deyi\u015fiyle Brejnev d\u00f6neminin istikrar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen \u201cuzun k\u0131\u015f uykusu\u201d) ve nihayet Bush ve Kohl\u2019\u00fcn  tarih bilinci geli\u015fmemi\u015f saf Gorba\u00e7ev\u2019i aldatmas\u0131n\u0131, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019dan arta kalan \u015feyin son bir refleksle ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131   darbe giri\u015fimini bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karacak ko\u015fullar\u0131n \u00f6nceden olu\u015fmu\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve daha pek \u00e7ok fakt\u00f6r ve olay\u0131 ekleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Netice olarak Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc 72 g\u00fcn, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi deneyimi ise 74 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim Devrimi\u2019nden bug\u00fcne, Lenin\u2019in \u201cSomut durumun somut tahlili\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc, \u015fartlar\u0131 zorlayan ihtilalci bir devrimcilik y\u00f6ntemi ve nesnel\/tarihsel ko\u015fullar\u0131n verili durumunu her \u015fart alt\u0131nda a\u015fma iradesinden ba\u015fka pek bir \u015fey kalmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitekim tarih\u00e7i Eric Hobsbawm, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nin 200. y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cFrans\u0131z Devrimine Bak\u0131\u015f\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda 1917 Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu devrimle ba\u015flayan s\u00fcrecin, \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilerin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019ne k\u0131yasla \u201cc\u00fcce\u201d kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nin \u00fczerinden pek \u00e7ok \u015fey ge\u00e7ti (Direktuvar Y\u00f6netimi, Emperyal Napoleon Sava\u015flar\u0131, iki kez Bourbon Hanedan\u0131, Louis Bonaparte, Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc, iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ve be\u015f Cumhuriyet) fakat bu devrimin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuk\u00ee ve idar\u00ee yap\u0131lar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geldi; \u201cToplum S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, \u201cyurtta\u015f\u201d kavram\u0131 ve ulus-devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 canl\u0131 kald\u0131, 1789 \u0130nsan ve Yurtta\u015f Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korudu, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin anayasalar\u0131na girdi.  G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sokaklara \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u015fitlik, laiklik, anayasal g\u00fcvence, yeniden sosyal refah devleti isteyen insanlar, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda burjuvaziye ait olan taleplere neoliberalizmden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k ad\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lenin\u2019in temel bir kitap olan \u201cEmperyalizm, Kapitalizmin En Y\u00fcksek A\u015famas\u0131\u201d d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan, s\u00f6z gelimi “Iskra tipi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme”si, \u0130ki Taktik\u2019i, i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc ittifak\u0131; bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Sovyet tipi ayg\u0131tlar, proletaryan\u0131n devrimci demokratik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da Stalin\u2019in \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131,\u201d Tro\u00e7ki ile Stalin\u2019i kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getiren \u201ctek \u00fclkede sosyalizm\u201d sorunsal\u0131 vb bug\u00fcn bize pek bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemiyor. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc muazzam bir teorik\/ideolojik tart\u0131\u015fma k\u00fclliyat\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek tarihe havale etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, ge\u00e7mi\u015f ya da g\u00fcncel sosyalist devletlerin resm\u00ee tarih anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar tekrar \u00fcretmenin   kimseye faydas\u0131 yok. Bu resm\u00ee tarih enkazlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015feleyerek gelece\u011fe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilecek bir zemin olu\u015fturmak da pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.   Kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 iki y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r verilen m\u00fccadelenin hangi noktalarda kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nerelerde s\u00fcreklili\u011fini korudu\u011funu de\u011ferlendirirken, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc saplant\u0131dan ve taraftarl\u0131k duygusundan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f geni\u015f bir devrimci bak\u0131\u015f geli\u015ftirmek; bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fin b\u00fct\u00fcn anti-kapitalist k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak nas\u0131l 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l devrimcisi olunur, somut durumun somut \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r, ona bakmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1917 Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin 109. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Devrim\u2019in diplomat\u0131 Adolf Abramovi\u00e7 Yoffe\u2019nin s\u00f6zleriyle \u201csonsuzlu\u011fun hizmetinde\u201d m\u00fccadele eden b\u00fct\u00fcn devrim kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131, ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeksizin sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

yalogan@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan D\u00fcn (7 Kas\u0131m) Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin 109. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bizim Cumhuriyet Devrimi\u2019mize katk\u0131da bulunan, insanl\u0131k tarihinin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren, \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n lanetlenmi\u015fleri\u201dni aya\u011fa kald\u0131ran, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrge halklar\u0131na umut olan bu b\u00fcy\u00fck olay\u0131 elbette Enternasyonal Mar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde kutluyoruz. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, tarih vermek gerekirse 1991\u2019den bu yana, Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin etki alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde de\u011filiz. Bu nedenle onun kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131, yetersizliklerini, … <\/p>\n

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