Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mithat Cemal Kuntay, Nam\u0131k Kemal<\/em> biyografisinde (Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2019) Padi\u015fah Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in devleti ve orduyu modernle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Abd\u00fclaziz, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a denk d\u00fc\u015fen \u015e\u00fbray\u0131 Devlet\u2019i kurar, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan D\u00eevan-\u0131 Ahk\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 Adliye\u2019yi kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesini and\u0131ran bir yap\u0131yla yeniden d\u00fczenler. Devlet idaresine \u00e7ekid\u00fczen verir. O zamana kadar halktan toplanan \u201ckap\u0131alt\u0131 has\u0131lat\u0131\u201dyla ge\u00e7inen valilerin her ay d\u00fczenli maa\u015f almalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ta\u015fra mahkemelerini kurala ba\u011flar, \u201chususi para almayan kad\u0131\u201d uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131r. \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ni Frans\u0131z e\u011fitim sistemine g\u00f6re yeniden d\u00fczenler. Sirkeci Gar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n temellerini atarak \u015fimendiferi imparatorlu\u011fun bat\u0131 topraklar\u0131na getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fakat en \u00f6nemlisi asker\u00ee reformlard\u0131r. Abd\u00fclaziz orduyu kaval t\u00fcfeklerden kurtar\u0131r, askerleri 600 000 yivli t\u00fcfekle donat\u0131r. Krupp toplar\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131r ve \u00e7elik gemi in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flar. Art\u0131k tophanede silah, tersanede z\u0131rhl\u0131 gemi \u00fcretilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fakat Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019in y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019le bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bar\u0131\u015fmaz. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Tanzimat Ferman\u0131\u2019yla girdi\u011fi yolda haysiyetini kaybetti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 el pen\u00e7e d\u00eevan duran bir t\u00fcr Tanzimat Pa\u015fas\u0131, y\u00fcksek devlet memuru tipi t\u00fcremi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mithat Cemal Kuntay, Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019in sorununu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cHatta ordu ve donanma, Aziz devrinde ve Girit isyan\u0131nda bir aral\u0131k sahiden vard\u0131. Ordu, S\u0131rp isyan\u0131n\u0131 Moskof\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 ezecek kadar vard\u0131; donanma da Girit isyan\u0131n\u0131n cezas\u0131n\u0131 Pire\u2019de Yunan\u2019a verecek kadar. \u00d6yleyken ne Avusturya Ba\u015fvekili Andra\u015fi\u2019nin ne de Fransa Hariciye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Mutiye\u2019nin iki k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131ndan kuvvetli de\u011fildik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBu iki k\u00e2\u011f\u0131ttan Tanzimat vezirinin \u00f6d\u00fc kopuyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Tanzimat veziri Avrupa\u2019dan ne kadar korkarsa o kadar hariciye naz\u0131r\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBu derece silahl\u0131 bir devlet bu kadar haysiyetsiz olsun, i\u015fte Kemal bunu anlayam\u0131yordu\u201d (s. 131. 121<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nam\u0131k Kemal, \u201cMemleketin takriben bizim olmas\u0131na raz\u0131 de\u011fildi. Memleket tamamen bizim olacakt\u0131 \u2026 Ve topra\u011f\u0131ndan evvel haysiyeti olan bir vatan!\u201d (s. 132).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nam\u0131k Kemal kendi do\u011fumundan (1840) seksen y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 1760\u2019larda ba\u015flayan Sanayi Devrimi\u2019ni \u0131skalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in koskoca Devlet-i Aliyye\u2019nin iki ecnebi hariciye naz\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u201ck\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131ndan\u201d daha zay\u0131f olmas\u0131n\u0131 anlayam\u0131yordu. Elbette \u201chaysiyetli\u201d olmal\u0131yd\u0131k, fakat haysiyetin de mutlaka bir alt yap\u0131s\u0131; buhar g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan fabrikalar\u0131, mekanik dokuma tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fc, burjuvazisi ve proletaryas\u0131yla en az\u0131ndan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 evresinde modern bir s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131 olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bunlar olmay\u0131nca, g\u00e2vurun \u201ciki k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131\u201dndan daha kuvvetli olam\u0131yor ve haysiyetimizi d\u00fcveli muazzama\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 muhafaza ve m\u00fcdafaa edemiyorduk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vatan \u015fairi Nam\u0131k Kemal\u2019den bu yana pek \u00e7ok badire atlatt\u0131k. Haysiyetimiz defalarca m\u00fcstevlinin ayaklar\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011fnendi. Osmanl\u0131 zaman\u0131nda kaybetti\u011fimiz haysiyeti Cumhuriyet Devrimi\u2019yle kazand\u0131k. Fakat son on yedi y\u0131l i\u00e7inde iktisadi devlet kurumlar\u0131ndan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131na ve askeriyesine kadar Cumhuriyet Devrimi\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131p yok eden, kamu mallar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131p paras\u0131n\u0131 kendi taraftarlar\u0131na ve se\u00e7menlerine yediren, emperyalistin \u015fantaj\u0131na maruz bir hevesk\u00e2r\u0131n \u00fcmmeti olma yolunda g\u00e2vurun \u201ciki k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131\u201dna muhta\u00e7 h\u00e2le geldik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eimdi yeni bir f\u0131rt\u0131nan\u0131n i\u00e7ine do\u011fru ilerliyoruz. 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Balkan Harbi\u2019nin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda denildi\u011fi gibi, \u00fclkemiz \u201chufre-i ink\u0131raz ve pen\u00e7e-i izmihl\u00e2ldir\u201d (u\u00e7urumun k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ve y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n pen\u00e7esinde). Siyaset kurumu kendisini ABD\u2019den \u00c7in\u2019e, Avrupa\u2019dan Rusya\u2019ya kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn emperyalist \u00fclkelerin lobi faaliyetine indirgemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerle m\u00fccadele ediyor.\u201d Kimse hayale kap\u0131lmas\u0131n! Emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ancak mevcut siyas\u00ee iktidar\u0131 a\u015fan bir halk hareketiyle, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck Kurultay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1935) a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda dile getirdi\u011fi \u201caras\u0131z devrimler\u201din canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sosyalizme mi, kapitalizme mi, Turan\u2019a m\u0131, art\u0131k her nereye gidecekseniz, yolunuz mutlaka bu \u201caras\u0131z devrimler\u201dden ge\u00e7ecektir. Aksi h\u00e2lde, bildi\u011finiz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den geriye hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kalmayacak, gelecek nesillere hi\u00e7bir ulusal de\u011fer aktar\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r. Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 18. 10. 2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yavuz Alogan Mithat Cemal Kuntay, Nam\u0131k Kemal biyografisinde (Alfa Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2019) Padi\u015fah Abd\u00fclaziz\u2019in devleti ve orduyu modernle\u015ftirme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Abd\u00fclaziz, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a denk d\u00fc\u015fen \u015e\u00fbray\u0131 Devlet\u2019i kurar, Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan D\u00eevan-\u0131 Ahk\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 Adliye\u2019yi kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesini and\u0131ran bir yap\u0131yla yeniden d\u00fczenler. Devlet idaresine \u00e7ekid\u00fczen verir. O zamana kadar halktan toplanan \u201ckap\u0131alt\u0131 has\u0131lat\u0131\u201dyla ge\u00e7inen … <\/p>\n