{"id":1734,"date":"2024-12-29T09:44:41","date_gmt":"2024-12-29T07:44:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1734"},"modified":"2024-12-29T09:44:41","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T07:44:41","slug":"ortacag-karanligindan-cikmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1734","title":{"rendered":"ORTA\u00c7A\u011e KARANLI\u011eINDAN \u00c7IKMAK"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u201cK\u0131r\u0131lgan Devlet\u201d (Fragile State) kavram\u0131 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda icat edildi. Reel kom\u00fcnist sistemler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, sosyal demokrasi neoliberalizme eklemlenmi\u015f, meydan dizginsiz kapitalizme kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni ideolojik ortamda baz\u0131 devletlerin \u201ck\u0131r\u0131lgan\u201d oldu\u011fu saptand\u0131. Bu devletlerin ekonomisi zay\u0131ft\u0131, kalk\u0131nam\u0131yorlard\u0131, gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ihtimali vard\u0131. Halk\u0131n\u0131 mutlu edemeyen k\u0131r\u0131lgan devlete k\u0131r\u0131lgan olmayan devletler toplulu\u011fu m\u00fcdahale etmeliydi. K\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 belirleyecek, projeler haz\u0131rlayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Yeni bir k\u00fcresel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Daha \u00f6nce, uzun So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde, \u201ck\u0131r\u0131lgan\u201d diye bir kavram yoktu.   \u201cAz geli\u015fmi\u015f, geri kalm\u0131\u015f \u00fclke\u201d deniyor, sosyalist sol bu ifadeyi, \u201cgeri b\u0131rakt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d diye d\u00fczeltmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         D\u00f6nemin Marksist iktisat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 (mesela Sweezy-Baran-Magdoff \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc), tekelci kapitalizmin baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin az geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fine bilin\u00e7li ve sistematik olarak s\u00fcreklilik kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin bu durumdan yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkisine son verilmedik\u00e7e geri b\u0131rakt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclke iktisadi ve toplumsal olarak kalk\u0131namazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler nas\u0131l kalk\u0131nabilirlerdi, kalk\u0131nabilirler miydi? \u00c2dil b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flayarak halklar\u0131na sosyal refah, kaliteli e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti, g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flayabilirler miydi? Bunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l yapabilirlerdi? So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin ideolojik rekabet ortam\u0131nda esas sorular bunlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         K\u0131r\u0131lgan devletlerin k\u0131r\u0131lgan olmayan devletler taraf\u0131ndan havadan k\u0131yas\u0131ya bombalanmas\u0131, bu devletlerin kendi i\u00e7lerinde din\u00ee, mezheb\u00ee ve etnik hatlar boyunca b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek \u00e7\u00f6kertilmesi; n\u00fcfusun liyakatli, kalifiye unsurlar\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere \u00e7ekilip al\u0131n\u0131rken, geride kalan ahalinin kafa keserek, b\u0131\u00e7aklayarak, ate\u015fli silahla vurarak birbirini imha etmesi gibi \u015feyler, baz\u0131 Holivut filmleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz hayal edilemiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Sald\u0131r\u0131 ve par\u00e7alanma s\u00fcreci, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Bush Doktrini\u2019yle ba\u015flad\u0131. Baz\u0131 devletlerin k\u0131r\u0131lgan olmakla kalmad\u0131klar\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cRogue,\u201d yani serke\u015f, serseri, d\u00fczenbaz, hilek\u00e2r, haydut olduklar\u0131 ke\u015ffedildi.  En serseri devletler Irak, \u0130ran, Kuzey Kore, Libya, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7ekirdekte yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa Atlantik sisteminin, 2014\u2019te Rusya ihra\u00e7 edildikten sonra G-7 olarak an\u0131lan \u00fclkelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya devletleri serseriydi. Bunlar\u0131n ekonomilerini kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almak, servetlerini Nevyork, Londra, Tokyo borsalar\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmek, g\u00fcmr\u00fck duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kmak, mill\u00ee ordular\u0131n\u0131 bozup k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek, silahlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek, onlar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ulusal ideolojiden ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak, k\u00fcresel olarak sermaye-mal-teknoloji dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki b\u00fct\u00fcn engelleri kald\u0131rmak, her bir serseri devleti devasa bir serbest piyasa okyanusunda \u015fehir devletlerini and\u0131ran k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck adac\u0131klara b\u00f6lmek, \u00f6zerk yerel y\u00f6netimlere ay\u0131rmak gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bush Doktrini\u2019ne e\u015flik eden iki \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birincisi, asker\u00ee alanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde n\u00fckleer sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u201c\u00f6nleyici vuru\u015f (preemptive strike)\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletildi. Bundan b\u00f6yle hen\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015f olan fakat yak\u0131n tehdit olarak alg\u0131lanan her durum en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konvansiyonel silahlarla asker\u00ee sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi olabilirdi.  Kavram, bir devletin ancak sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman kendisini silahla savunabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 51 Say\u0131l\u0131   Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) \u015eart\u0131\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131yd\u0131.  Fakat art\u0131k BM, \u00f6nceki benzerinden, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeyi beceremeyen Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nden farks\u0131zd\u0131.  \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131, ilkelerini, temsilcilerini ve askerlerini kimsenin takt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktu. \u201c\u00d6nleyici vuru\u015f\u201d kavram\u0131 yak\u0131n zamanda n\u00fckleer sava\u015f konseptine aktar\u0131larak yenilendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik insan haklar\u0131 kavram\u0131nda oldu. \u0130nsan art\u0131k \u201cyurtta\u015f\u201d olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan haklara sahip de\u011fildi. Asl\u0131nda insan yeni k\u00fcresel sistemde yurtta\u015f bile de\u011fildi; evrensel d\u00fczeyde bir mal ve hizmet m\u00fc\u015fterisiydi. T\u00fcketme kabiliyeti kadar insand\u0131 ve haklar\u0131 etnik, din\u00ee, mezheb\u00ee mensubiyetiyle, cinsel tercihleriyle belirleniyordu. S\u00f6z gelimi, par\u00e7alanma s\u00fcrecinde Yugoslavya Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde ya\u015fayan insan, yurtta\u015f olarak de\u011fil, H\u0131rvat, S\u0131rp, Sloven olarak haklara sahip olacakt\u0131. Sonunda her birinin pay\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir devlet\u00e7ik d\u00fc\u015fecekti.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortado\u011fu\u2019da insan kendi devletine hukuki ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fan hak ve sorumluluklara de\u011fil, etnik mensubiyetine, dinine, mezhebine, mezhebinin i\u00e7indeki dallara kollara g\u00f6re hak ve sorumluluklara sahip olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Etnik temelli ge\u00e7 milliyet\u00e7i ak\u0131mlar mensup olduklar\u0131 devletten ayr\u0131larak kendi devletlerini kurabilmeli, devlet y\u00f6netimi, hatta co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeler mezhepler aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131labilmeliydi. \u00dclkeler birbirinden \u00f6lesiye nefret eden insan gruplar\u0131na ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Ulus-devletler kendi i\u00e7lerinde par\u00e7alanmaya, ideolojik, hatta co\u011frafi olarak uzla\u015fmaz \u00e7eli\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde ufalanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Sava\u015f stratejisi de de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00fclkeler sava\u015f yoluyla i\u015fgal edildi. Naziler mesela, ele ge\u00e7irdikleri \u00fclkelere kendi kamu y\u00f6netim sistemleriyle geldiler, kurduklar\u0131 y\u00f6netim birimlerinin, protektoralar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na genellikle vekil y\u00f6neticileri getirdiler, G\u00fcney Fransa\u2019da Mare\u015fal P\u00e9tain, \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019da Emil H\u00e1cha gibi adamlar\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. Devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen imha ederek i\u015fgal ettikleri \u00fclkenin halk\u0131n\u0131 en ilkel ko\u015fullara mahk\u00fbm etmediler. \u015eiddet ve bask\u0131 yoluyla da olsa bir d\u00fczen kurma kayg\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oysa ABD\u2019nin Baas rejiminin devrilmesinden sonra Irak\u2019a Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (Ge\u00e7ici Koalisyon Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkan\u0131) olarak atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Paul Bremer, Irak Devleti\u2019ni b\u00fct\u00fcn kurumlar\u0131yla birlikte feshetti, y\u00f6netimi \u015eiiler, S\u00fcnniler, K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131, S\u00fcnni Saddam\u2019\u0131 \u015eii mahallesinde ast\u0131rd\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z nefret ve \u015fiddet tohumlar\u0131 ekti, sonra mezheb\u00ee ve etnik kabile \u015feflerini bir araya getirip y\u00f6netimi onlara devretti, arkas\u0131nda bir kaos b\u0131rakarak \u00e7ekip gitti.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni strateji kal\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fgal\/istil\u00e2 de\u011fildi. K\u0131r\u0131lgan ya da haydut belledikleri \u00fclkenin su ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 nakil hatlar\u0131yla birlikte asker\u00ee olarak elde tutuyorlar, \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketler bu kaynaklara \u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, lojistik imk\u00e2nlar sa\u011flan\u0131yor, bu arada tarihi eserler \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131yor ve k\u0131rk fraksiyona, mezhep ve mezhep i\u00e7i gruba b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f halk birbirini katletmek \u00fczere k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131p serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor, kendi kaderlerine terk ediliyordu. Serseri olmayan efendi devletler vah\u015fi silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131 hava bombard\u0131man\u0131yla, helikopterlerden a\u00e7\u0131lan ate\u015fle s\u0131\u011f\u0131r s\u00fcr\u00fcleri gibi yukar\u0131dan, ajanlar\u0131 ve casuslar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan sevk ve idare ederek her hareketlerini kendi taktik ve stratejilerine uyarlamaya, b\u00f6ylece istedikleri sonucu almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Irak\u2019ta bu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 katliam y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u015eimdi Suriye\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131, tekrar Irak\u2019a d\u00f6necek. Birbirlerinin kafas\u0131n\u0131 keserek, b\u0131\u00e7akla do\u011frayarak, kur\u015funlayarak, ellerini ba\u011flay\u0131p k\u00f6pek gibi havlatarak \u00fczerlerinde tepiniyorlar, Amerikan i\u015fi ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri kaydedip sosyal medyaya y\u00fckl\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu geni\u015f n\u00fcfus gruplar\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi ne olacak? E\u011fitimleri, sosyal g\u00fcvenceleri, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri?… Dibine kadar batt\u0131klar\u0131 orta\u00e7a\u011f karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kacaklar? \u00c7\u0131kabilecekler mi? Y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir devleti yeniden kurmak, egemenli\u011fi millete iade etmek kolay de\u011fildir, y\u0131llar\u0131 gerektiren, karma\u015f\u0131k, \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131, zahmetli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suriye\u2019de ba\u015flayan mezhep sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Irak\u2019a geri d\u00f6nece\u011fini, \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 vuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015fu ya da bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde fakat ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bi\u00e7imde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de bula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, felaketli etkilerini G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019dan Orta Asya\u2019ya kadar \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada g\u00f6sterece\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970\u2019lerde, \u00f6zellikle 1977-1980 aras\u0131nda \u00fclkemize ekilen din\u00ee ve etnik nefret tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n bu felaket ortam\u0131nda ye\u015fermesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Devletimizin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc siyas\u00ee ve din\u00ee etkiden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131larak Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele ruhuyla yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi, Kurulu\u015f ilkelerine d\u00f6nmesi ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya ulusal kimli\u011fiyle ispat etmesi, kabul ettirmesi asgari zorunluluktur.  Saray rejiminin halk aras\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzla\u015fmaz \u00e7eli\u015fkiler mutlaka giderilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lge halklar\u0131 da \u201cYa Ali, Ya \u00d6mer!!!\u201d  nidalar\u0131yla s\u00fcren \u00fcmmet bo\u011fu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p, millet olma bilinciyle  ulus-devlet ve mill\u00ee egemenlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na, laiklik ilkesine d\u00f6nerlerse ancak emperyalizmin sald\u0131r\u0131 ve tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcnden, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 katliam felaketinden kurtulabilirler. K\u0131r\u0131lgan olmas\u0131na, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda biraz serke\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine ra\u011fmen, Devrimle kurulan Cumhuriyeti, tarihsel birikimi, engin ve benzersiz laisizm deneyimi sayesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu orta\u00e7a\u011f karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7\u0131kma \u015fans\u0131 ve imk\u00e2n\u0131 en y\u00fcksek \u00fclke oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi ink\u00e2r edilemez. Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 29. 12. 2024<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan          \u201cK\u0131r\u0131lgan Devlet\u201d (Fragile State) kavram\u0131 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda icat edildi. Reel kom\u00fcnist sistemler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, sosyal demokrasi neoliberalizme eklemlenmi\u015f, meydan dizginsiz kapitalizme kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yeni ideolojik ortamda baz\u0131 devletlerin \u201ck\u0131r\u0131lgan\u201d oldu\u011fu saptand\u0131. Bu devletlerin ekonomisi zay\u0131ft\u0131, kalk\u0131nam\u0131yorlard\u0131, gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ihtimali vard\u0131. Halk\u0131n\u0131 mutlu edemeyen k\u0131r\u0131lgan devlete k\u0131r\u0131lgan olmayan devletler toplulu\u011fu m\u00fcdahale … <\/p>\n

Continue reading “ORTA\u00c7A\u011e KARANLI\u011eINDAN \u00c7IKMAK”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1734"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1736,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1734\/revisions\/1736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}