{"id":1566,"date":"2024-02-11T10:24:03","date_gmt":"2024-02-11T08:24:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1566"},"modified":"2024-02-11T10:24:03","modified_gmt":"2024-02-11T08:24:03","slug":"1939-avrupa-sovyetler-birligi-turkiye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1566","title":{"rendered":"1939: AVRUPA, SOVYETLER B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130, T\u00dcRK\u0130YE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Saat 18.00\u2019de ba\u015flayan toplant\u0131, 23.15\u2019te bitecek.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalin, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Halk Komiseri Vya\u00e7eslav Molotov ve T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sara\u00e7o\u011flu 1 Ekim 1939 g\u00fcn\u00fc Kremlin\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019yla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131m pakt\u0131 tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Molotov pakt\u0131n kime kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019na s\u00f6yletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.  Sara\u00e7o\u011flu \u201cSSCB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil,\u201d mealinde konu\u015fuyor, imzalanan paktlar\u0131n SSCB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair \u201cihtiraz\u00ee kay\u0131t\u201d  (\u00e7ekince) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtiyor (s. 591-592).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Stalin, lafa \u00e7ok yukar\u0131dan ba\u015fl\u0131yor: \u201cT\u00fcrkler bana sormad\u0131lar, ama sormu\u015f olsalard\u0131, \u0130ngiltere-T\u00fcrkiye ve Fransa-T\u00fcrkiye paktlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmelerini \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlemezdim\u201d (s. 595).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi bir bak\u0131ma hakl\u0131 buluyor. T\u00fcrklerin, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa ile \u0130talya aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkileri kullanarak Akdeniz\u2019de \u201cgerekli olanlar\u0131 almak\u201d ve On \u0130ki Adalar\u2019daki menfaatlerini savunmak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u201cniyetini tamamen anl\u0131yorum,\u201d diyor Stalin (agy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Fakat bu paktlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u201ckendisini i\u00e7inde bulaca\u011f\u0131 bir durum\u201dun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cBulgaristan m\u0131 k\u0131p\u0131rdad\u0131, Macarlar Romanyal\u0131lara m\u0131 sald\u0131rd\u0131, \u0130talya Yunanistan\u2019a m\u0131 sald\u0131rd\u0131, T\u00fcrkler sava\u015fa girmek zorunda kal\u0131r\u201d (agy). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalin, \u201cAlmanya\u2019yla biz Polonya\u2019y\u0131 b\u00f6ld\u00fck,\u201d diyor; \u201c\u0130ngiltere ve Fransa bize sava\u015f ilan etmediler, ama bu da olabilir.\u201d Bu durumda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de SSCB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa girece\u011fini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cihtiraz\u00ee kay\u0131t\u201d\u0131n anlams\u0131z oldu\u011funu ima ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Stalin, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye bizimle ayr\u0131 bir pakt imzalamay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor mu?\u201d diye soruyor. \u201cEvet, kanaatim budur,\u201d diye cevap veriyor, Sara\u00e7o\u011flu. \u201cPeki,\u201d diyor Stalin, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye-\u0130ngiltere ve T\u00fcrkiye-Fransa paktlar\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmak g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fc?\u201d (s. 597).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019nu s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1920\u2019lerde Mustafa Kemal ve Lenin\u2019in \u00e7abas\u0131yla temelleri at\u0131lan T\u00fcrk-Sovyet dostlu\u011fu sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1939 kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Hazal Yal\u0131n buna \u201ccumhuriyet tarihinin biricik<\/strong> eksen kaymas\u0131\u201d diyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin,  \u0130ngiltere-Fransa\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131 kazanaca\u011f\u0131na kesinlikle inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201cTanzimat\u00e7\u0131 ve Rus kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 antikom\u00fcnist\u201d bilin\u00e7li bir siyas\u00ee tercihte bulundu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor (s.441).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bunun bilin\u00e7li, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, hesaplanm\u0131\u015f bir \u201ceksen kaymas\u0131\u201d de\u011fil, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fen politik ortam\u0131nda savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir refleks, Devlet\u2019in s\u0131k\u0131 denetimi alt\u0131nda tutulan antikom\u00fcnizmin ise yenilenen d\u0131\u015f politikan\u0131n yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz. Nitekim Stalin, toplant\u0131da, \u201cOlaylar\u0131n kendi mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r,\u201d diyor; \u201cbiz bir \u015fey s\u00f6yleriz fakat olaylar ba\u015fka bir yoldan gider\u201d (s. 595).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nitekim \u00f6yle oluyor. Kremlin\u2019deki toplant\u0131dan bir ay sonra (30 Kas\u0131m) K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu, b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar vererek \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 bir zafer kazanaca\u011f\u0131 Finlandiya taarruzunu ba\u015flatacak ve Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019nden ihra\u00e7 edilecek (14 Aral\u0131k). \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra Almanya, Ribbentrop-Molotov Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bozarak Rusya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgale ba\u015flayacak (22 Haziran 1941). Olaylar ba\u015fka bir yoldan gidiyor, b\u00fct\u00fcn hesaplar bozuluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O s\u0131rada diplomasi bu geli\u015fmeleri \u00f6ng\u00f6recek verilerden yoksun, karanl\u0131kta yol bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        O karanl\u0131kta T\u00fcrkiye ne yapacak? \u0130spanya\u2019da i\u00e7 sava\u015f (1936-39) Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Cephe\u2019nin yenilgisiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f, Franko \u00fclkeye h\u00e2kim olmu\u015f. \u0130talya\u2019da \u201cMare Nostrum\u201d (Bizim Deniz) diye ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131p duran  Mussolini, Akdeniz \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi tehdit ediyor. Sara\u00e7o\u011flu, \u201cYunanistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgali, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin i\u015fgaliyle e\u015fit derecede,\u201d diyor (s. 598). Akdeniz\u2019den \u0130talyan, Balkanlar\u2019dan Alman taarruzu bekliyorlar. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Almanya\u2019yla sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k pakt\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015f.  \u0130ngiltere-Fransa m\u00fcttefik olarak Almanya-SSCB\u2019den daha g\u00fcvenilir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sara\u00e7o\u011flu soruyor: \u201cAlmanya ve \u0130talya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kap\u0131lar\u0131na dayan\u0131rsa, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye ile ilgili nas\u0131l bir tutum tak\u0131nacak?\u201d (s. 594). Olumlu bir tutum tak\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Fa\u015fist Almanya\u2019yla Polonya\u2019y\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Balt\u0131k \u00fclkelerine sald\u0131rmaya haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor.  B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada \u015fok etkisi yaratan, Komintern\u2019i a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir hamleyle Fa\u015fizm ile Kom\u00fcnizm ortak bir  jeostratejide birle\u015fmi\u015f.  Alman-\u0130talyan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Stalin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi niye savunsun ya da \u00e7oktan imzalanm\u0131\u015f Alman-Sovyet sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k pakt\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye  asker\u00ee g\u00fcvence veren bir \u201cihtiraz\u00ee kay\u0131t\u201d niye koysun? T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130ngiltere-Fransa\u2019yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmaya \u201cihtiraz\u00ee kay\u0131t\u201d koymas\u0131n\u0131n etkisiz oldu\u011funu Molotov-Stalin ikilisi neredeyse a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkiye SSCB\u2019den uzak durmaya karar veriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ruslar sava\u015f durumunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bo\u011fazlar\u2019\u0131 \u0130ngiliz-Frans\u0131z  sava\u015f gemilerine a\u00e7mas\u0131ndan kayg\u0131l\u0131. 16 Ekim g\u00fcn\u00fc Molotov-Sara\u00e7o\u011flu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinde Molotov, \u201c\u0130lk s\u0131rada bizi Bo\u011fazlar meselesi ilgilendiriyor,\u201d dedikten sonra, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu sorunu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ima ediyor. Sara\u00e7o\u011flu, do\u011fruluyor: \u201c\u0130ki defa bir kenara itilen Bo\u011fazlar meselesi nedense tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u201d (s. 623). Molotov muhatab\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Sonunda Sara\u00e7o\u011flu, \u201cBen Moskova\u2019da Bo\u011fazlar meselesini tart\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in bulunmuyorum,\u201d demek zorunda kal\u0131yor (s. 625).  Bir ara \u201cBo\u011fazlar meselesi \u00c7arl\u0131k emperyalizminin meselesiydi,\u201d diyor (s. 624). Molotov bozuluyor, Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019na \u00c7ar\u2019\u0131n bakan\u0131yla de\u011fil, Sovyet halk komiseriyle konu\u015ftu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Fakat konu\u015fan\u0131n kimli\u011fi, Bo\u011fazlar\u2019\u0131n Alman-Sovyet pakt\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejik \u00f6nemi azaltm\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada co\u011frafyan\u0131n kader oldu\u011funu, jeopoliti\u011fin dostluk tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitap boyunca diplomasinin olaylar\u0131n pe\u015finden ko\u015ftu\u011funu, sava\u015fla birlikte s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir noktada \u00e7ok gerilere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Wehrmacht\u2019\u0131n Maginot Hatt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7evresinden dola\u015f\u0131p Fransa\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi, \u0130skandinav \u00fclkelerine yay\u0131lmas\u0131, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Balkanlar\u2019daki siyas\u00ee durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirerek  \u0130talyan, Macar,  Romen, Slovak birliklerini de pe\u015fine tak\u0131p sonunda SSCB\u2019ye sald\u0131rmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin siyaset de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine yol a\u00e7acak.  Almanya bir an yenilmez armada gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnecek. B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00f6yle g\u00f6recek. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ve \u00e7evresi \u0130ngiltere-Almanya\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131 kazanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f yerde durduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cAnkara y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc Almanya\u2019ya \u00e7evirdi,\u201d diyor Hazal Yal\u0131n. \u201cPani\u011fin i\u00e7 siyasetteki yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz: \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Bat\u0131c\u0131 denge tutumuna kar\u015f\u0131 iktidar i\u00e7inde Almanc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u201d (s. 448-9) Ankara, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a dostluk heyeti g\u00f6nderiyor, Sovyet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na 26 t\u00fcmen sevk ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitapta yer alm\u0131yor ama o s\u0131rada   emekli general H\u00fcseyin Erkilet ile muvazzaf Orgeneral Ali Fuat Erden ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir heyet, Alman Mare\u015fali Fedor von Bock\u2019un davetlisi olarak gittikleri K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019da, Wehrmacht generalleriyle SSCB\u2019deki  \u201cEsir T\u00fcrkler\u201d meselesini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.  Bereket Slav halklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmesinden sorumlu Nazi teorisyeni General  Alfred Rosenberg   sava\u015fta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yle stratejik ittifak fikrini kabul etmeyerek, Ruzi Nazar\u2019\u0131n da i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkistan Ordusu\u2019yla, K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019ya ihanet ederek Alman saflar\u0131na ge\u00e7en Rus generali Andrey Vlasov\u2019la \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tercih ediyor. Bu \u201cEsir T\u00fcrkler\u201d muhabbetini y\u0131llar sonra CIA devralacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin bu heyeti resm\u00ee olarak tertipleyip g\u00f6nderdi\u011fine dair ku\u015fkular var. Olay unutturuluyor.   Fakat \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019den habersiz b\u00f6yle bir heyetin kurulmas\u0131 ve Sovyet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na asker kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.  Fakat panik yok. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc i\u00e7erideki Alman yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n gaz\u0131n\u0131 almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, zemin yokluyor ve zaman kazanmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. At\u0131lan her ad\u0131m\u0131n kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131 ya da geri \u00e7ekilmesi ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc hem i\u00e7eriyi hem d\u0131\u015far\u0131y\u0131 oyal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye muhtemelen Stalingrad\u2019dan (\u015eubat 1943) ve Almanlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7lerini toplay\u0131p bozguna u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 Kursk Muharebesi\u2019nden  (A\u011fustos 1943) sonra,  \u0130ngiltere-ABD-SSCB\u2019nin sava\u015f\u0131 kazanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyayla e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak anl\u0131yor. M\u00fcttefikler\u2019in Normandiya \u00c7\u0131karmas\u0131\u2019ndan (Haziran 1944) sonra emin oluyor. Y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc bu kez Bat\u0131\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. Winston Churchill  5 Mart 1946\u2019da ilk kez \u201cDemir Perde\u201dden s\u00f6z ediyor.  T\u00fcrkiye bir kez daha stratejik bir tercihle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze geliyor, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kendisi i\u00e7in hem daha g\u00fcvenilir hem de istikrarl\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarafta yer al\u0131yor. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belgelerde, tutanaklarda birka\u00e7 kez \u201c\u0130smet heyecanl\u0131yd\u0131\u201d denilmesine ra\u011fmen, 1939-1945 aras\u0131nda \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc so\u011fukkanl\u0131 bir satran\u00e7 oyuncusu gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck oyuncular\u0131n her g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hamlesinin arkas\u0131ndan gidiyor fakat esnek ve dengeli politikalarla zamana oynuyor, ate\u015f hatt\u0131na yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda duruyor, mesafeleri koruyor. \u0130\u00e7 politik ortamdaki paralel dalgalanmalar\u0131 disiplin alt\u0131nda tutmay\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yor.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn tek bir amac\u0131 var: T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Montr\u00f6\u2019yle belirlenen stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc korumak, \u00fclkeyi sava\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmak.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O g\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bu amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir  ba\u015far\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekir. Son y\u0131llarda farkl\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlarla ayr\u0131 kulvarlarda olsa da AKP\u2019yle birlikte \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00fczerinde tepinmek moda oldu. \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ve diplomaside geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc, dinamik ve \u00e7o\u011fu kez \u201cm\u0131\u015f gibi yapan\u201d politikalar sayesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan tahrip olmadan, tek par\u00e7a h\u00e2linde \u00e7\u0131kabildi\u011fini unutmamak gerekir.  Sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u201caktif tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d politikas\u0131 izliyor. Cihanda sava\u015f varken Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ancak yurtta sulh\u00fc korumakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1939<\/em> (Hazal Yal\u0131n, NotaBene Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2023), son y\u0131llarda okudu\u011fum en heyecanl\u0131 kitaplardan biri. B\u00fct\u00fcn taraflar\u0131n diplomatik m\u00fczakerelerini, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemelerini, yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn anla\u015fmalar\u0131 neredeyse g\u00fcn g\u00fcn izliyorsunuz.  Kitab\u0131n sonuna eklenen, yazar\u0131n Rus\u00e7a\u2019dan \u00e7evirdi\u011fi 20 belge ilk kez yay\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fe giri\u015fen yazar\u0131n nesnel (objektif) tarih\u00e7i olmas\u0131  elbette \u015fart de\u011fil.  Nitekim Voro\u015filov, \u0130vanov, Molotov ve Kollontay parlak bir \u0131\u015f\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrken, Sovyet mahre\u00e7li resm\u00ee belgeler do\u011frulu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir kesinlikle sunuluyor.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mesela yazar, Maksim Litvinov\u2019un D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Halk Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nden istifas\u0131n\u0131n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f siyasetinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik al\u00e2meti olarak yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttikten sonra, \u201cBu do\u011fru de\u011fildir,\u201d diyor ve konuya ili\u015fkin Politib\u00fcro karar\u0131n\u0131 veri al\u0131yor (s.111-112)  Ne fark eder? Her radikal d\u0131\u015f politika de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fir. Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ni Hitler fa\u015fizmine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, anla\u015fmalar yapan, Komintern\u2019le paralel faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fcten Litvinov\u2019un Alman-Sovyet anla\u015fmas\u0131na imza atmas\u0131, Alman kom\u00fcnistlerinin tasfiyesini onaylamas\u0131 inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmazd\u0131. Stalin\u2019in yak\u0131n kamarillas\u0131 Molotov bu i\u015flere daha yatk\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine bir yerde Wehrmacht Generali Kleist\u2019\u0131n bir s\u00f6z\u00fc, General Tuha\u00e7evskiy\u2019nin Alman casusu olarak su\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ve  \u201ctasfiyesinin belki de<\/strong> hakl\u0131 bir temele dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a<\/strong> g\u00f6sterir\u201d gibi tuhaf bir ifadeyle yorumlan\u0131yor (s. 262). \u201cMolotov-Ribbentrop anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n gizli protokol\u00fc, genelde Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, \u00f6zel olarak da Polonya\u2019n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u201d (s. 289) ifadesi de Stalinist resm\u00ee tarih yaz\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f sonras\u0131 klasik yorumlar\u0131ndan biri: \u201cAlman yay\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 [SSCB]  tampon alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu\u201d gibi\u2026 (s. 291).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar bir yana, kitap yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrk diplomasi tarihine, i\u00e7erdi\u011fi belgeler ve yazar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn kaynaklara dayanarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 isabetli, ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131, sorgulay\u0131c\u0131 yorumlarla muazzam bir katk\u0131da bulunuyor. Akademide ve diplomasi alan\u0131nda mutlaka de\u011ferlendirilecektir.  Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 11.02.2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto\u011fraf: \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ve Sara\u00e7o\u011flu satran\u00e7 oynarken.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan         Saat 18.00\u2019de ba\u015flayan toplant\u0131, 23.15\u2019te bitecek.    Stalin, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Halk Komiseri Vya\u00e7eslav Molotov ve T\u00fcrk D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sara\u00e7o\u011flu 1 Ekim 1939 g\u00fcn\u00fc Kremlin\u2019de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019yla kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131m pakt\u0131 tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.   Molotov pakt\u0131n kime kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Sara\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019na s\u00f6yletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.  Sara\u00e7o\u011flu \u201cSSCB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil,\u201d mealinde konu\u015fuyor, imzalanan paktlar\u0131n SSCB\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 … <\/p>\n

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