{"id":1402,"date":"2023-06-11T10:56:13","date_gmt":"2023-06-11T08:56:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1402"},"modified":"2023-06-11T10:56:13","modified_gmt":"2023-06-11T08:56:13","slug":"durgun-sulari-bulandirmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1402","title":{"rendered":"DURGUN SULARI BULANDIRMAK"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131 Martin Luther, 1540\u2019larda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta,  evrenin merkezi olmayan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kendi ekseni etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia eden Kopernik\u2019le dalga ge\u00e7iyordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n hareket etti\u011fini ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in ve Ay\u2019\u0131n de\u011fil de onun d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ispat etmek isteyen bir astrologdan bahsediliyor, sanki bir at arabas\u0131nda veya gemide yolculuk eden biri, kendisi sabit ve hareketsiz dururken d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp gittiklerini savunabilirmi\u015f gibi\u201d (akt. A. Koestler, Uyurgezerler<\/em>, Phoenix 2013, s. 142).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Aristoteles evreni merkezile\u015ftirmi\u015fti. Kopernik ise onu sonsuza do\u011fru yaym\u0131\u015f, merkezsizle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve anar\u015fiye s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015fti.  Koestler\u2019e g\u00f6re, Kopernik Devrimi\u2019yle birlikte uzay-ruh s\u00fcreklili\u011finin yerini uzay-zaman s\u00fcreklili\u011fi alm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece \u0130nsan ile Tanr\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131nl\u0131k sona ermi\u015fti.  Tanr\u0131sall\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan rahim gibi ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir evrende ya\u015fayan homo sapiens nihayet bu evrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cPascal\u2019\u0131n korku dolu yak\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u015fte bu y\u00fczdendi\u201d (agy, s. 203).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bir astrologun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Batlamyus\u2019un kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evren sistemini sarsabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, H\u0131ristiyan Reformasyonu\u2019nu ba\u015flatarak Protestanl\u0131k mezhebini kuran Luther\u2019in zihin d\u00fcnyas\u0131na \u00e7ok yabanc\u0131yd\u0131.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Kopernik\u2019in g\u00f6ksel cisimlerle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131n ruhuna bilim ve sanatlar\u0131n koruyucusu Papa X. Leo\u2019nun ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc h\u00e2kimdi.  Kilise\u2019nin y\u00fcksek rahipleri ku\u015fkucu ve devrimci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bilimle u\u011fra\u015fan din adamlar\u0131 tezlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in Vatikan\u2019a davet ediliyorlard\u0131. \u00d6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin ve bilimsel sorgulaman\u0131n bedeli Kilise\u2019nin mutlak otoritesine itaatten ibaretti.  Nikolas Kopernik, Desiderius Erasmus ve Leonardo da Vinci gibi adamlar bu k\u0131sa aral\u0131kta soluk ald\u0131lar, orta\u00e7a\u011f ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n durgun sular\u0131n\u0131 buland\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Asl\u0131nda Alman ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131 Martin Luther\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da durgun sular\u0131 buland\u0131rmakt\u0131. 1517 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 31 Ekim g\u00fcn\u00fc tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir eylem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek, 95 maddeden olu\u015fan reform bildirgesini rivayete g\u00f6re Wittenberg Kilisesi\u2019nin  ah\u015fap kap\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7iviyle \u00e7akt\u0131. Kilisenin aln\u0131na \u00e7ak\u0131lan bu \u00e7ivi insan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara, devrimci at\u0131l\u0131mlara yol a\u00e7an bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m oldu. Martin Luther eyleminin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 elbette \u00f6ng\u00f6remez, att\u0131\u011f\u0131 tohumlarla kapitalizmin ruhunu yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemezdi. Onun eyleminin sosyolojik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonra Max Weber yazacakt\u0131: Protestan Ahlak\u0131 ve Kapitalizmin Ruhu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asl\u0131nda Martin Luther\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn derdi End\u00fcljans\u2019a, yani para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insanlara cennette arazi sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na son vermekti. Uygulama Kilise\u2019yi zenginle\u015ftiriyor, halk\u0131 yoksulla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, biat ve itaat y\u00f6ntemi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Oysa iman\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 papal\u0131k sistemi, kilise ve rahipler de\u011fil, sadece \u0130ncil\u2019di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Tarihsel boyutta Martin Luther, fark\u0131nda olmadan, olu\u015fum halindeki burjuvaziyle birlikte t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ve papal\u0131k b\u00fcrokrasisinin  bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne isyan eden k\u00f6yl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmi\u015fti. Yerle\u015fik sistemin d\u00fczenini bozan Lutherci hareket  ilk anda Prusya ve Polonya\u2019ya yay\u0131larak Avrupa H\u0131ristiyan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6ld\u00fc, ard\u0131ndan Thomas M\u00fcntzer ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Alman K\u00f6yl\u00fc Sava\u015f\u0131 (1524-25) geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durgun sular bulan\u0131p ortal\u0131k kar\u0131\u015f\u0131nca papal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc  sona erdi.  Liberal Papa X. Leo, Martin Luther\u2019i aforoz etti. Reformasyon kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketler ve Otuz Y\u0131l Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019yla birlikte entelekt\u00fcel geli\u015fimin alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 sona erdi. Kopernik\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden doksan y\u0131l sonra, onun rahat bir ortamda geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u201cG\u00f6ksel K\u00fcrelerin Devinimleri\u201d teoremini bir ad\u0131m ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcren Galileo Galilei engizisyonda yarg\u0131lanacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6nemin teolog ve matematik\u00e7ilerinden Piskopos Tiedeman Giese, Reformasyon sonras\u0131 Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle tan\u0131mlad\u0131: \u201c\u0130\u015fte, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n i\u00e7ine s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi, vah\u015fi bir m\u00fccadeleye ve katliama do\u011fru \u00e7ekildi ve \u2026 b\u00fct\u00fcn Kiliseler k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetle kirletildi\u201d (agy., s133).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koestler, Reformasyon \u00f6ncesi ile sonras\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki entelekt\u00fcel iklim fark\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse orta-Viktorya d\u00f6nemi ile Hitler-Stalin d\u00f6nemi aras\u0131ndaki fark kadar oldu\u011funu belirtir (agy, s.140).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019a Pisagor\u2019un \u201cgizlilik k\u00fclt\u00fc\u201d h\u00e2kimdi. \u0130ster matematikte ister astronomide Hakikat\u2019i ya da onun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti\u011finiz zaman, bunu gizli tutman\u0131z gerekiyordu. Onu ba\u015fkalar\u0131na anlatarak insanlar\u0131n yerle\u015fik inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sarsman\u0131n faydas\u0131 yoktu fakat toplumsal karga\u015faya yol a\u00e7mak gibi bir zarar\u0131 olabilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan zihninin asla dokunulmamas\u0131 gereken \u00e7amurlu ve durgun bir su gibi oldu\u011funa, \u00f6yle kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu suyun i\u00e7ine Hakikat\u2019in ve bilimin temiz suyu asla d\u00f6k\u00fclmemeliydi, aksi h\u00e2lde temiz su bo\u015fa harcanm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7amurlu su ise \u00e7alkalanm\u0131\u015f olacak, su iyice bulanacak ve  d\u00fczen bozulacakt\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden Hakikat\u2019in ve bilimin berrak ve temiz suyu ayr\u0131 bir kapta toplan\u0131p biriktirilmeli, sadece o suyun k\u0131ymetini bilenlerin, onu daha da safla\u015ft\u0131rmaya azmedenlerin bilgisine ve kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunulmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kopernik\u2019le birlikte a\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz. Bilimsel ve co\u011frafi ke\u015fiflerle temiz su giderek  bir \u00e7a\u011flayan gibi \u00e7amurlu ve durgun suyun i\u00e7ine boca edildik\u00e7e, yerle\u015fik ve dokunulmaz san\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kal\u0131plar\u0131 par\u00e7aland\u0131, bilimde ve toplumda devrimci at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.  A\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131lar baz\u0131 tarihsel d\u00f6nemlerde kapand\u0131, sonra daha geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde temiz ve \u00e7amurlu suyun birle\u015fik kaplarda birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7alkant\u0131n\u0131n ve bulan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihin hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6nemiyle k\u0131yaslanamayacak kadar artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu ya\u011fmurlu pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcnde herkese her \u015feyi sorgulamay\u0131 tavsiye ediyorum. \u0130mama teslim olmayal\u0131m. Siyasette \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze konulanla yetinmeyelim. Mevcudu Hakikat gibi g\u00f6rmeyelim. Devrimci at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aral\u0131k tutal\u0131m, durgun ve \u00e7amurlu sular\u0131 buland\u0131rmaktan korkmayal\u0131m. Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 11.06.2023   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan Alman ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131 Martin Luther, 1540\u2019larda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta,  evrenin merkezi olmayan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kendi ekseni etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia eden Kopernik\u2019le dalga ge\u00e7iyordu:         \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n hareket etti\u011fini ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in ve Ay\u2019\u0131n de\u011fil de onun d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ispat etmek isteyen bir astrologdan bahsediliyor, sanki bir at arabas\u0131nda veya gemide yolculuk eden biri, kendisi sabit ve hareketsiz … <\/p>\n

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