{"id":1381,"date":"2023-04-23T11:06:59","date_gmt":"2023-04-23T09:06:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1381"},"modified":"2023-04-23T11:06:59","modified_gmt":"2023-04-23T09:06:59","slug":"23-nisanda-yeniden-arasiz-devrimler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1381","title":{"rendered":"23 N\u0130SAN’DA YEN\u0130DEN ARASIZ DEVR\u0130MLER"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n (1875-1957)   II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in (1908) ilan\u0131ndan sonra, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan bir ulus-devlet \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu fark eder. Devlet-i Aliyye\u2019nin bundan b\u00f6yle anayasal olarak e\u015fit kabul edilen etnik ve din\u00ee unsurlar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre bir arada tutamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u201cGeli\u015fen olaylar bizi T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fumuzu unutmu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc,\u201d der. \u201cAbd\u00fclhamit zaman\u0131nda, arada s\u0131rada T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u011fza alma olana\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131,\u201d diye yak\u0131n\u0131r. O zamana kadar k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak \u201cArap egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda kalman\u0131n verdi\u011fi bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 duygusuyla T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi savunmaktan\u201d geri durmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fakat art\u0131k T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunmak zorla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Cahit, \u201cBiz T\u00fcrk s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya atarsak, hepsi ulus\u00e7uluk iddias\u0131na kalkacaklard\u0131,\u201d demektedir. (Siyasal An\u0131lar<\/em>, \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1976, s. 39).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        O s\u0131rada Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda T\u00fcrk, Arap, Arnavut, K\u00fcrt, \u00c7erkes, Rum, Ermeni, Bulgar ve Yahudi \u201c\u0131rklar\u0131 ve kavimleri\u201dnin oldu\u011funu, Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in geli\u015fiyle birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn bu unsurlar\u0131n \u201chaklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan e\u015fit birer yurtta\u015f durumuna\u201d geldiklerini (e\u015fit yurtta\u015fl\u0131k) belirttikten sonra, \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cAma birbirlerinin dilinden anlamaz, birbirlerine gelenek, din, ahl\u00e2k ve \u00e2detler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yabanc\u0131, \u00fcstelik d\u00fc\u015fman bu bireyler; hangi ilke, hangi yurt \u00e7evresinde birle\u015fecekler ve karde\u015f olacaklard\u0131?\u201d (agy, s. 41)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bu soru, uzun i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f sava\u015flardan sonra, 1924 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 88. Maddesi\u2019nde cevab\u0131n\u0131 bulur: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ahalisine din ve \u0131rk fark\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131k itibariyle \u2018T\u00fcrk\u2019 \u0131tlak olunur.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131yla (1923) birlikte \u00fcniter ulus-devlet kurulmu\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn etnik, din\u00ee ve mezheb\u00ee farkl\u0131l\u0131klar \u201cyurtta\u015f\u201d kimli\u011finde birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.  Devlet yurtta\u015f\u0131n ve yurtta\u015flar birbirinin etnik mensubiyeti ve dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla ilgilenmezler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Kemal, Onuncu Y\u0131l Nutku\u2019nda, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk milletinin bir ferdi\u201d olarak halka \u201cYurtta\u015flar\u0131m!\u201d diye hitap eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saray Rejimi kuruluncaya kadar ana muhalefet partisi ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u201cBen Aleviyim\u201d demesi, bir di\u011ferinin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u201cSen Alevi isen ben de S\u00fcnni\u2019yim\u201d diye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermesi ya da bir Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 36 etnik grubun haklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmesi, milletin fertlerini \u201canas\u0131r-\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u201d (\u0130sl\u00e2m unsurlar\u0131) olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 hayal bile edilemezdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lkesiz politikac\u0131 televizyona \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f kelime-i \u015fahadet getirerek \u201cBen T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019\u0131m\u201d diyor.  Peki biz neyiz? T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin yurtta\u015f\u0131 de\u011filsek, neyiz?  Etnik ve din\u00ee aidiyetimizi ilan etmeye mecbur muyuz? T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011fil de, Arap ve Alevi ya da K\u00fcrt ve S\u00fcnni ya da Ermeni ve H\u0131ristiyan olsak ne fark edecek? Din ve etnisite \u00fczerinden kimlik siyaseti yapmak aymazl\u0131k, utanmazl\u0131k ve Cumhuriyet\u2019e ihanet de\u011filse nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neyse, konuyu da\u011f\u0131tmayal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilk Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019\u0131nda milletvekili olan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Cahit, \u201canas\u0131r-\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n birle\u015ftirici oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan niteli\u011fini sorgular. \u201cNe vicdan\u00ee inan\u00e7lar\u0131m, ne duygular\u0131m beni M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyordu,\u201d der.  \u201cAsl\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015fecek unsurlar\u0131n milliyet\u00e7ilik ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k istekleri g\u00fctmeyeceklerine nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenilebilirdi?\u201d  (age, s. 41).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu soruyu H\u00fcseyin Cahit 150 y\u0131l \u00f6nce soruyor. Cevab\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn al\u0131yoruz. Etnik milliyet\u00e7ilerin ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k isteyenlerin \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc\u201dnde birle\u015femediklerini, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n siyas\u00ee kimlik olarak birle\u015ftirici, \u201cg\u00fcvenilebilir\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.   Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n beceremedi\u011fini, bug\u00fcn onu taklit edenlerin \u00fcniter ulus-devleti da\u011f\u0131tmadan becermelerinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ve \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Cahit gibi davran\u0131yoruz: \u201c\u00c7e\u015fitli unsurlar\u0131n ulusal ama\u00e7lar ard\u0131nda ko\u015fmalar\u0131ndan \u00fclke i\u00e7in do\u011fabilecek tehlikeleri duyarak, elimden geldi\u011fi ve akl\u0131m\u0131n erdi\u011fi kadar buna engel olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordum\u201d (agy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nden (1919)  itibaren Mustafa Kemal\u2019in yol arkada\u015f\u0131, eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131, mutasarr\u0131f Mazhar M\u00fcfit (Kansu) 23 Nisan 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc, muhtemelen y\u00fcksek bir yere \u00e7\u0131karak, Hac\u0131 Bayram Camii\u2019nde k\u0131l\u0131nan \u00f6\u011fle namaz\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip iki manga askerin aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f alay\u0131 tertip ederek, ye\u015fil \u00e7uha \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir rahle \u00fczerinde Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim ta\u015f\u0131yan Sinop Mebusu Hoca Abd\u00fcrrahman Efendi\u2019nin arkas\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019ne do\u011fru a\u011f\u0131r ad\u0131mlarla y\u00fcr\u00fcyen mebuslar\u0131 incelemektedir.  Mustafa Kemal, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f kolunu \u201cistikbal\u201d etmek, yani kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere, Karao\u011flan \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, ahalinin aras\u0131nda beklemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meclis\u2019in \u201ck\u00fc\u015f\u00e2d\u0131na,\u201d yani a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na, 338 milletvekilinin ancak 115\u2019i yeti\u015febilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011ferlerinin intikali daha sonra, i\u00e7 isyanlar nedeniyle b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. Mazhar M\u00fcfit heyecanla ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 sayar: kalpakl\u0131 50 mebus, fesli 41 mebus ve sar\u0131kl\u0131 21 mebus.  Fesli kuvvac\u0131lar\u0131 da sayarsak \u00e7o\u011funluktay\u0131z diye sevinmi\u015f olmal\u0131. (Mazhar M\u00fcfit  Kansu, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019le Beraber<\/em>, TTK 2009, s. 570.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mazhar M\u00fcfit 14 May\u0131s se\u00e7imlerinde olu\u015facak Meclis\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 izleme imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olsayd\u0131 ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc acaba?  Bir an i\u00e7in onu Meclis\u2019in giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131nda, ba\u015f\u0131nda kalpa\u011f\u0131, tel \u00e7er\u00e7eveli g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve asabi b\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131yla dikilip, \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi burnunda milletvekillerini g\u00f6zlerini k\u0131sarak s\u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hayal edelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1937\u2019de Anayasa\u2019ya giren laiklik ilkesi ayaklar alt\u0131nda \u00e7i\u011fnenmi\u015ftir. Siyaset esnaf\u0131 \u201claiklik\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc telaffuz etmekten \u00e7ekinmekte, utanmaktad\u0131r. 1924\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu sessizce kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, medreseler, tekke ve zaviyeler yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devlet\u2019i ve siyas\u00ee toplumu esir alan \u015feriat oda\u011f\u0131 zengin tarikat ve cemaatler ahaliyi her bak\u0131mdan istismar etmekte, hilafet talepleri y\u00fckselmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milletvekilleri aras\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal\u2019i anlayarak anan, Atat\u00fcrk \u0130lke ve \u0130nk\u0131laplar\u0131\u2019n\u0131, Devrim Kanunlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 savunan tek bir ki\u015fi yoktur. Zenginler meclisi, dinci ve d\u00fcnyevi ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lardan, farkl\u0131 derecelerde \u015feriat\u00e7\u0131lardan, \u015feriat\u00e7\u0131larla ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131larla helalle\u015fen liberallerden; ben Aleviyim, S\u00fcnniyim, K\u00fcrd\u00fcm, Bo\u015fna\u011f\u0131m diyerek kendini tan\u0131tan, \u201charam lokma,\u201d \u201ckul hakk\u0131\u201d gibi din\u00ee g\u00f6ndermelerle konu\u015fan partililerden ve ecnebi devletlerin muhiplerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasete bavulla para da\u011f\u0131tarak ya da otel lobilerinde bavulla para alarak de\u011fil, silaha el bas\u0131p yemin ederek giren, \u015eark \u0130stikl\u00e2l Mahkemesi Reisli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f Mazhar M\u00fcfit, bu elim ve vahim durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc?   Bu \u00fclkenin akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda, tarih bilinci olan b\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc: yeniden devrim!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unutturulan devrimleri canland\u0131rarak, aras\u0131z yeni devrimlerle laik ve demokratik sosyal hukuk devletini yeni bir kurucu irade ve Kurucu Meclis marifetiyle yeniden kurma ideali etraf\u0131nda halk\u0131 birle\u015ftirmek\u2026 Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve Kemal\u00eeleri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Meclis\u2019i g\u00f6rselerdi b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizim \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n Avrupal\u0131\u2019dan, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc Amerikan Conisi\u2019nden \u00f6\u011frenecek bir \u015feyimiz yoktur. Biz iki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarih i\u00e7inde kendimizi tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve tartm\u0131\u015f, sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 konu\u015fup tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve kararlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 alarak kendi kimli\u011fimizi ispat etmi\u015f bir milletiz ve emperyalizmin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc gafil i\u015fbirlik\u00e7iye bask\u0131 yaparak ve menfaat temin ederek a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k parantezi nas\u0131l kapataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 biliriz. B\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu g\u00fcne\u015fli pazar g\u00fcn\u00fcnde herkesin \u015eeker Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve 23 Nisan Ulusal Egemenlik ve \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131 i\u00e7tenlikle kutluyorum.  Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 23. 04. 20023<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan         \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Cahit Yal\u00e7\u0131n (1875-1957)   II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in (1908) ilan\u0131ndan sonra, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan bir ulus-devlet \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu fark eder. Devlet-i Aliyye\u2019nin bundan b\u00f6yle anayasal olarak e\u015fit kabul edilen etnik ve din\u00ee unsurlar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre bir arada tutamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.           \u201cGeli\u015fen olaylar bizi T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fumuzu unutmu\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc,\u201d der. \u201cAbd\u00fclhamit zaman\u0131nda, arada s\u0131rada … <\/p>\n

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