{"id":1323,"date":"2023-02-17T10:03:13","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T08:03:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1323"},"modified":"2023-02-17T10:03:13","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T08:03:13","slug":"deremler-ve-filozoflar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1323","title":{"rendered":"DEREMLER VE F\u0130LOZOFLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1755 Lizbon depremi Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya ve do\u011faya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi; o zamana kadar din\u00ee kurumlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalan modernitenin devrimci bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmesine ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Tarihin saati B\u00fcy\u00fck Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019ne 34 y\u0131l kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Deprem felaketi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda insanlar do\u011fal afetlerin ilahi bir kaderin kas\u0131tl\u0131 plan\u0131, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r kullar\u0131na verdi\u011fi bir ceza olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler.  Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonsuz merhametiyle yery\u00fcz\u00fc cennetini insanlara arma\u011fan etti\u011fi, kendisine itaat edenleri onurland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6d\u00fcllendirdi\u011fi, isyan edenleri ya da umursamayanlar\u0131 ise cezaland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi sorgulan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar Kilise\u2019yi aradan \u00e7\u0131kararak Hakikat\u2019e ancak bilgi ve bilimle ula\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini Lizbon depreminden sonra daha bir g\u00fcvenle savunmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bilim adamlar\u0131 g\u00f6klerdeki babam\u0131za kilisedeki yerini g\u00f6sterdiler ve sahaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Voltaire do\u011fal afetleri Tanr\u0131\u2019ya ba\u011flaman\u0131n sa\u00e7mal\u0131k oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6yledi. Leibnitz\u2019in dindar iyimserli\u011fiyle (\u201cTanr\u0131 her zaman en iyisini se\u00e7er\u201d) dalga ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Jean-Jacques Rousseau, do\u011fay\u0131 ilahi iradenin elinden al\u0131p insan\u0131n ellerine teslim ederek Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin temellerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Voltaire\u2019e mektubunda, \u201c\u0130nsanlara kendi mutsuzluklar\u0131na nas\u0131l neden olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 olarak ondan nas\u0131l ka\u00e7\u0131nabileceklerini g\u00f6sterdim,\u201d diye yazd\u0131 (akt. Carlo Bordoni, \u0130thaki 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck filozofu Immanuel Kant, Lizbon depremine bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klama getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cBu t\u00fcrden korkun\u00e7 olaylar \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00f6\u011freticidir,\u201d dedi.  B\u00f6ylece insan, \u201cTanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n emretti\u011fi do\u011fa yasalar\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca uygun sonu\u00e7lar beklemeye hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da bu hakk\u0131 art\u0131k kaybetti\u011fini g\u00f6rerek [do\u011fan\u0131n i\u00e7indeki] m\u00fctevaz\u0131 yerini; kendisine ait arzular arenas\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin amac\u0131n\u0131 \u00e2dil bi\u00e7imde i\u00e7ermek durumunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freniyor\u201d (akt. Filomena Amador, \u201cThe Causes of 1755 Lisbon Earthquake on Kant,\u201d Proceedings of the Eighth Congress of the Spanish Society of the History of the Sciences and Technology, 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1 Kas\u0131m 1755 g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 9.40\u2019ta yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 000 n\u00fcfusuyla Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck kenti Lizbon, Atlas Okyanusu\u2019nda meydana gelen, Richter \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fiyle 9 \u015fiddetinde oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen bir depremle sars\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130spanya ve Fas\u2019ta da etkili olan deprem, ard\u0131ndan gelen tusunami ve uzun s\u00fcreli yang\u0131nlarla birlikte yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz bin \u00f6l\u00fc b\u0131rakt\u0131. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck felaket Portekiz ekonomisini, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011fuyla birlikte \u00e7\u00f6kertti, sanat eserleri, an\u0131tsal yap\u0131lar yok oldu, siyas\u00ee karga\u015fa ve ahlaki felaket ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019n\u0131n filozoflar\u0131 Lizbon depremiyle ilgili verileri toplad\u0131lar, makale ve kitaplarla olay\u0131 bilimsel olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.  Tezleri bilimin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fczeyinin \u00e7ok gerisinde kalmakla birlikte, baz\u0131 temel do\u011frular\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Mesela Kant\u2019\u0131n deprem olay\u0131n\u0131 yer alt\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluklarla, kimyasal (s\u00fclf\u00fcr s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131!) ve mekanik olaylarla a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Yerbilimleri bir disiplin olarak uzun yolculu\u011funa Lizbon depreminden sonra, Ayd\u0131nlanma filozoflar\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tarihte olaylar tekrarlanmaz fakat yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 etkiler analojiye (benze\u015ftirme) imk\u00e2n verecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde birbirine benzer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        6 \u015eubat Depremi\u2019nin laisizmi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesini, \u00f6zellikle laik ve bilimsel e\u011fitimin \u00f6nemini insan\u0131m\u0131za kavratmas\u0131n\u0131, siyas\u00ee \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ve din tacirlerinin taht\u0131n\u0131 sarsmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Yerli ve mill\u00ee Ayd\u0131nlanma filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sanm\u0131yorum. Bizim Ayd\u0131nlanma filozofumuz Mustafa Kemal suretinde zaten yerli yerinde olanca g\u00fcc\u00fcyle duruyor. K\u0131ymetini bilip devrimlerine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131z yeterlidir. \u015eu deprem felaketinde bile onun s\u00f6zlerini hat\u0131rl\u0131yoruz: \u201cHayatta en hakiki m\u00fcr\u015fit ilimdir.\u201d Ve Hatay hepimizin \u015fahsi meselesidir.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

       Ekranlarda deprembilimci s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmedi\u011fimiz a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 camda y\u0131ld\u0131zla\u015fan bir deprembilimciye her dakika rasgelmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ancak bunlar\u0131n birbiriyle ego yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na girmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p, herkesin a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan her s\u00f6ze dikkat kesilmesinden yararlanarak e\u011fitimde bilimsel devrim, \u00f6zerk \u00fcniversite, \u00fcniversitelerde akademik ehliyet ve liyakat gibi konularda halk\u0131 cesaretle ve y\u0131lmadan yorulmadan ayd\u0131nlatmalar\u0131, elde kalan akademisyenleri toplay\u0131p devrimci bir ayd\u0131nlanma hareketi ba\u015flatmalar\u0131 gerekir. Aksi h\u00e2lde s\u00f6yledikleri do\u011fru \u015feyler (mesela \u00fclkemizde m\u00fchendislik e\u011fitiminin, m\u00fchendislerin, yap\u0131 denetiminin ac\u0131kl\u0131 durumu) bo\u015f konu\u015fmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek bu g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kaybolup gidecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Cehaleti a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak de\u011fil, celadet g\u00f6stermek vaktidir. Cehaleti herkes g\u00f6rd\u00fc zaten.   Tekrar tekrar anlatman\u0131n ne faydas\u0131 var? Deprem ard\u0131nda binlerce \u00f6l\u00fc, sakat ve k\u0131r\u0131k kalpler b\u0131rakarak vurdu ge\u00e7ti. \u015eimdi yeni \u015feyler s\u00f6ylemek laz\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u00fct\u00fcn deprembilimcilerin ortakla\u015fa kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 bilimsel verilerden hareketle tamamen farkl\u0131 yorumlar yapmalar\u0131n\u0131n pratikte hi\u00e7bir faydas\u0131 yoktur.  Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcthi\u015f bir deprem olacak, \u0130stanbul\u2019da on binlerce \u00f6leceksiniz diyerek insanlar\u0131 korkutmas\u0131, di\u011ferlerinin deprem ancak otuz y\u0131l sonra olur   belki de hi\u00e7 olmaz gibi \u015feyler s\u00f6ylemesi, deprembilime olan g\u00fcveni sarsmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u0131radan insan\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fini anlatmak ve fazla konu\u015fmadan somut \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fczerinde birle\u015fmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Deprembilimcilerin kendi aralar\u0131nda bir sempozyum d\u00fczenleyerek ortak kanaatlerini yans\u0131tan bir bildiri ya da bir t\u00fcr manifestoyla devleti y\u00f6netenlere ve halka \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunmalar\u0131, bir yol a\u00e7malar\u0131, y\u00f6ntem g\u00f6stermeleri ve bir program sunmalar\u0131 yararl\u0131 olur.  Ben s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftim kimse dinlemedi, proje sundum kimse almad\u0131 diye a\u011flay\u0131p d\u00f6v\u00fcnmenin, en iyisini ben bilirim diye \u00f6v\u00fcnmenin faydas\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         6 \u015eubat depremi devletin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla insanlar\u0131n depreme kar\u015f\u0131 sokak, mahalle ve semt temelinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek, malzeme ve ikmal depolar\u0131 kurmak, toplanma alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7mak zorunda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Son tahlilde \u201cbizi kurtaracak olan kendi kollar\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Her durumda yeni bir d\u00f6nemin e\u015fi\u011finde oldu\u011fumuzu ve hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin eskisi gibi olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anl\u0131yoruz.  Saray rejiminin deprem vesilesiyle kendi diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck imk\u00e2n ve kabiliyetlerini test edip ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131ndan sonra, yeni bir Toplum S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019yle T\u00fcrkiye yeniden kurulacak, Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yirmi y\u0131l s\u00fcren bu gericilik parantezini bir daha a\u00e7\u0131lmayacak \u015fekilde kapatacakt\u0131r. Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 17. 02. 2023   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan         1755 Lizbon depremi Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya ve do\u011faya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi; o zamana kadar din\u00ee kurumlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalan modernitenin devrimci bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmesine ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Tarihin saati B\u00fcy\u00fck Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019ne 34 y\u0131l kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyordu.         Deprem felaketi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda insanlar do\u011fal afetlerin ilahi bir kaderin kas\u0131tl\u0131 plan\u0131, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r kullar\u0131na … <\/p>\n

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