{"id":1235,"date":"2022-11-13T11:03:41","date_gmt":"2022-11-13T09:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1235"},"modified":"2022-11-13T11:03:41","modified_gmt":"2022-11-13T09:03:41","slug":"devrimlerin-isigi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1235","title":{"rendered":"DEVR\u0130MLER\u0130N I\u015eI\u011eI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz arazinin topo\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 ancak uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman, y\u00fcksek bir yere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya ya da araya mesafe koyarak geriye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman anlayabiliriz.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etki alan\u0131 i\u00e7indeyken fark etmedi\u011fimiz \u00f6zellikleri mesafe a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a, zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e, olanca potansiyeli, yetersizlikleri, kazan\u0131mlar\u0131, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyen vaatleriyle topluca g\u00f6rme imk\u00e2n\u0131 ediniriz. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131n ve mesafenin prizmas\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131larak gelece\u011fi ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r; ya da art\u0131k \u00e7oktan s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, bug\u00fcne ula\u015famayacak kadar k\u0131sa kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Devrimler i\u00e7in de b\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tarih\u00e7i Eric Hobsbawm, 1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nin 200. Y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in  yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cFrans\u0131z Devrimine Bak\u0131\u015f\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, topo\u011frafyaya uzaktan bakarak devrimleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze uzanan etkileriyle de\u011ferlendirir.  Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 1990\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan kitapta, 1917 Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l devrimlerinin prototipi oldu\u011funu, daha sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek b\u00fct\u00fcn devrimlerin ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak kabul edildi\u011fini fakat g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde etkisinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de 74 y\u0131l boyunca her devrimci hareket ve i\u015f\u00e7i devrimi giri\u015fimi, Ekim Devrimi\u2019nin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu modele uyum sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 terminolojiyi kullanarak d\u00f6nemin stratejik ve taktik alternatiflerini benzer bir sonuca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu uzun d\u00f6nemin temel sorusu \u015fudur: 1917\u2019deki gibi burjuva demokratik devrim a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 bilin\u00e7li bir at\u0131l\u0131mla a\u015farak sosyalizme ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatmak, s\u0131n\u0131fsal g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri ve verili toplumsal\/siyasal ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1917\u2019de ko\u015fullar\u0131n denk gelmesiyle bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Fakat arkas\u0131ndan \u015fu soru geldi: \u00fcretim g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin her zaman yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin devlet ter\u00f6r\u00fcyle bi\u00e7imlendirildi\u011fi b\u00fcrokratik bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck rejimi alt\u0131nda ve ancak en temel maddi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n k\u0131smen kar\u015f\u0131lanabildi\u011fi ko\u015fullarda sosyalizme ge\u00e7i\u015fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Ve nihayet, \u201c105. y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekim Devrimi ge\u00e7mi\u015fimiz de\u011fil gelece\u011fimizdir\u201d diyenlerin cevaplamas\u0131 gereken trajik soru: 74 y\u0131ll\u0131k bu deneyim ger\u00e7ekten sosyalizme ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ya da sosyalizmin ta kendisi idiyse, nas\u0131l oldu da  dar kafal\u0131 KGB unsurlar\u0131 Kremlin\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irerek  emperyal Rus Ortodoks \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131rma giri\u015fiminde bulunabildiler? B\u00fcrokrasi, kendi i\u00e7inden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en bele\u015f\u00e7i, en bencil vatan haini burjuvazisi olan oligarklar\u0131  nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131karabildi? Ve Rus i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu olup bitenlere direnmeden nas\u0131l seyirci kalabildi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k ge\u00e7erli olmayan dolayl\u0131 etkilerini (bat\u0131da refah devleti, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik, iktisad\u00ee planlama, karma ekonomi vs) bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131rsak, Ekim Devrimi\u2019yle ba\u015flayan ve sona eren s\u00fcrecin, ihtilalci kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, c\u00fcret ve cesareti d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda gelece\u011fe \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan, hatta bug\u00fcn\u00fc ayd\u0131nlatan bir yan\u0131, \u00f6zellikle taktik d\u00fczeyde \u00f6rnek al\u0131nacak bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi kalmad\u0131. \u201cIskra tipi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme\u201d ya da Lenin\u2019in \u0130ki Taktik\u2019i, i\u015f\u00e7i-k\u00f6yl\u00fc ittifak\u0131 vs. ya da Stalin\u2019in \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201d bug\u00fcn bize ne s\u00f6yleyebilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6lmeden hemen \u00f6nce Stalin, mealen, \u201cBen \u00f6l\u00fcnce mezar\u0131m\u0131n \u00fczerine her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fc, pisli\u011fi y\u0131\u011facaklar fakat sonra g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r esecek ve d\u00f6k\u00fclen her pisli\u011fi temizleyecek,\u201d demi\u015ftir. O r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n esmedi\u011fi, tam tersine 74 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemin b\u00fct\u00fcn hatalar\u0131 sevaplar\u0131, kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve facialar\u0131yla birlikte durgunlu\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fi, karanl\u0131klarda kaybolmaya y\u00fcz tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nitekim Hobsbawm  Ekim Devrimi\u2019yle ba\u015flayan s\u00fcrecin, \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilerin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019ne k\u0131yasla \u201cc\u00fcce\u201d kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Bu s\u00f6zleri tarih\u00e7iye 1990\u2019dan \u00f6nce s\u00f6yleten \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc bug\u00fcnden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcd\u00fcr.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dczerinden Direktuvar Y\u00f6netimi, Napoleon Sava\u015flar\u0131, iki kez Bourbon Hanedan\u0131, Louis Bonaparte, Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc, iki d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ve be\u015f Cumhuriyet ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen, 1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukuk\u00ee ve idar\u00ee yap\u0131lar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geldi; \u201cToplum S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, \u201cyurtta\u015f\u201d kavram\u0131 ve ulus-devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 canl\u0131 kald\u0131. Sosyalizmin sahneyi terk etmesinden sonra emperyalizmin insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 etnik, dinsel, cinsel haklar olarak yeniden tan\u0131mlama \u00e7abas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, 1789 \u0130nsan ve Yurtta\u015f Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korudu, b\u00fct\u00fcn anayasalarda farkl\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle yer ald\u0131. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sokaklara \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, e\u015fitlik, laiklik, Anayasal g\u00fcvence ve yeniden sosyal refah devleti isteyen insanlar, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda burjuvaziye ait olan taleplere mevcut ko\u015fullarda b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k ad\u0131na daha \u015fimdiden sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biz de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kul de\u011fil yeniden yurtta\u015f olmak, \u00fcmmet olarak de\u011fil millet olarak tan\u0131mlanmak, planl\u0131 iktisadi ve toplumsal kalk\u0131nma istemek, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilen kurumlar\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131rmak, \u00fcniter ulus-devlete sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak, yeni bir temsil\u00ee yap\u0131yla (Konvansiyon) yeni bir Toplum S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapmak i\u00e7in Saray\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131devrimiyle m\u00fccadele etmek durumunday\u0131z. \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz \u015fu 20 y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda b\u00fct\u00fcn dikkatimizi bu talepler ve hedefler \u00fczerinde toplamak zorunday\u0131z. Sonras\u0131na bakar\u0131z\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son otuz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kapitalizmin yap\u0131s\u0131nda meydana gelen muazzam de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi unutarak 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yormu\u015f gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp davranamay\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde teknoloji proletaryay\u0131 mek\u00e2nsal  olarak da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131, kendi i\u00e7inde daha \u00e7ok katmana b\u00f6ld\u00fc (Engels\u2019in \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i aristokrasi\u201dsinden s\u00f6z etti\u011fi tarih 1857\u2019dir); neoliberal kapitalizm bir s\u0131n\u0131f olarak proletaryay\u0131 prekarya\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc (prekarya: neoliberal sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ve belirsiz gelecek kayg\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fitledi\u011fi, siyas\u00ee davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 kestirilemeyen herkes); otomasyon,  ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u201cyedek sanayi ordusu\u201d kavram\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak t\u00fcrde s\u00fcrekli ve yap\u0131sal bir i\u015fsizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131; i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc talebini dikkate almadan sermaye birikimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilen, hayat tarz\u0131yla giderek ge\u00e7mi\u015fin aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na benzeyen  burjuvazi ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlardan kurtularak gezegenin her yerine da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131; devletler, k\u00fcresel sermayenin rahat ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, halktan toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hara\u00e7la zenginleri besleyen  silahl\u0131  anonim \u015firketlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yirmibirinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n devrimleri \u00f6ncekilere benzemeyecek. \u00c7ok daha \u015fiddetli ve karma\u015f\u0131k olacak, el yordam\u0131yla, b\u00fcy\u00fck gerilemeler ve at\u0131l\u0131mlarla yol alacak. S\u00f6z eylemin pe\u015finden gidecek, teori pratikten \u00e7\u0131kacak. Fakat her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, s\u0131radan insan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne vazife olmayan her \u015feye burnunu sokma, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeye sahip \u00e7\u0131kma, ba\u015f\u0131ndaki diktat\u00f6rlerin ve sahtek\u00e2r \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131 siyaset esnaf\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulama, itiraz etme, talepte bulunma, inatla ba\u015fkald\u0131rma, isyan etme ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme yetene\u011fini b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde yeniden kazanmas\u0131 gerekecek.  Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 11.11.2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan         \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz arazinin topo\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 ancak uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman, y\u00fcksek bir yere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya ya da araya mesafe koyarak geriye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman anlayabiliriz.   Etki alan\u0131 i\u00e7indeyken fark etmedi\u011fimiz \u00f6zellikleri mesafe a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a, zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e, olanca potansiyeli, yetersizlikleri, kazan\u0131mlar\u0131, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyen vaatleriyle topluca g\u00f6rme imk\u00e2n\u0131 ediniriz. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131n ve mesafenin prizmas\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131larak gelece\u011fi … <\/p>\n

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