{"id":1138,"date":"2022-07-29T10:48:36","date_gmt":"2022-07-29T08:48:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1138"},"modified":"2022-07-29T10:48:36","modified_gmt":"2022-07-29T08:48:36","slug":"diktatorlukten-cikis-surecleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1138","title":{"rendered":"D\u0130KTAT\u00d6RL\u00dcKTEN \u00c7IKI\u015e S\u00dcRE\u00c7LER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u015eili\u2019nin diktat\u00f6r\u00fc Augusto Pinochet devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi se\u00e7imlerde (1989) y\u00fczde 44 oy ald\u0131. Yirmi y\u0131ld\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bizim Saray\u2019\u0131n -benzetmek gibi olmas\u0131n- y\u00fczde 30\u2019larda seyreden oy oran\u0131 nedense bize fazla geliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Pinochet 1973\u2019te darbeyle devleti ele ge\u00e7irip anayasay\u0131 feshetmi\u015f, Sosyalist Ba\u015fkan Allende\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, 3000 siyas\u00ee \u00f6nder ve sendikac\u0131y\u0131 kur\u015funa dizdirmi\u015fti. Sonras\u0131nda binden fazla insan \u201ckayboldu,\u201d on binlerce ki\u015fi i\u015fkenceden ge\u00e7irildi, bir o kadar\u0131 \u00fclkeden s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Pinochet, iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011finde, t\u0131pk\u0131 24 Ocak Kararlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne oturan Kenan Evren (1980) ve \u201cDervi\u015f Reformlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131  s\u00fcrd\u00fcren  Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan (2002) gibi iktisad\u00ee d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm program\u0131n\u0131 masan\u0131n \u00fczerinde buldu.  Ekonomiyi Milton Friedman\u2019\u0131n tezg\u00e2h\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u201cChicago Boys\u201da teslim etti, kamusal olan her \u015feyi yok ederek \u00fclkesini neoliberal iktisat politikalar\u0131n\u0131n deney \u00e7iftli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         On alt\u0131 y\u0131l iktidarda kald\u0131. 80\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda deneyin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eili ekonomisini sarsan iktisadi kriz olmasayd\u0131, Pinochet belki de \u00f6lene kadar Saray\u2019\u0131nda oturacakt\u0131. \u015eili  halk\u0131 nihayet ekonomi ile demokrasi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 ke\u015ffetti ve siyas\u00ee toplum harekete ge\u00e7erek 17 partiden olu\u015fan bir Demokratik \u0130ttifak kurdu. Aral\u0131k 1989 se\u00e7imlerinde \u0130ttifak\u2019\u0131n aday\u0131 Patricio Aylwin oylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 56\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 alarak devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Yeni ba\u015fkan H\u0131ristiyan Demokratlar\u2019\u0131n aday\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen toplum sa\u011fa kaym\u0131\u015f ve orada durmu\u015ftu. Gene de Pinochet\u2019nin y\u00fczde 44 oyu nas\u0131l ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131. Kendisi 1998\u2019e kadar Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak kald\u0131. H\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Anayasa\u2019ya bir madde koydurarak \u201c\u00f6m\u00fcr boyu senat\u00f6r\u201d oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u015eili siyas\u00ee toplumu normal se\u00e7imlerle olu\u015fan parlamentonun anayasa yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 2020\u2019de idrak edebildi ve bir Kurucu Meclis\u2019in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni anayasa, ancak 2022\u2019de, asker\u00ee cuntan\u0131n 1980 anayasas\u0131n\u0131n yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Elbette, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kestirme ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de oldu. 1951\u2019den beri Portekiz\u2019i Afrika\u2019daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeleriyle birlikte kas\u0131p kavuran Salazar diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Pinochet\u2019nin fa\u015fist darbesinden bir y\u0131l sonra (1974) deviren, eski tip s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin tabutuna son \u00e7ivileri \u00e7akan \u201cKaranfil Devrimi\u201d buna \u00f6rnektir. \u201cY\u00fczba\u015f\u0131lar Hareketi\u201dnin \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi asker\u00ee darbenin, Eurovision \u015eark\u0131 yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bile rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yarat\u0131c\u0131 tekni\u011fi de ilgin\u00e7tir. Halk\u0131n deste\u011fi ve siyas\u00ee sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Karanfil Devrimi\u2019nin bizdeki 1960 Devrimi\u2019ni and\u0131ran bir yap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Elbette bir kurucu meclis ve yeni bir demokratik anayasayla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Franco fa\u015fizminden kurtulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor olmu\u015ftur. Ard\u0131nda yar\u0131m milyon \u00f6l\u00fc, bir milyondan fazla s\u00fcrg\u00fcn b\u0131rakan \u0130spanyol \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1936-39) ard\u0131ndan kurulan Franco diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkeyi 36 y\u0131l y\u00f6netti. \u00dclkede anayasa yoktu. Ne bir siyas\u00ee parti, ne sahici sendikalar ne de \u00f6zg\u00fcr bas\u0131n vard\u0131. Yirmi ki\u015fiden fazla yurtta\u015f\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 izne tabiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u0130ktidara h\u00e2kim olan Falanj Partisi, diktat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra Juan Carlos\u2019u tahta \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kom\u00fcnist, sosyalist ve anarko sendikalist hareketlerinin canlanmas\u0131ndan korkan ABD, \u0130spanyol \u201cdemokratikle\u015fmesi\u201dni Kral ve Falanj art\u0131klar\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecekti. Falanjistler, k\u0131sm\u00ee serbestli\u011fe raz\u0131 olanlar ile rejimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek isteyenler aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. AAA (Apostolik Anti-Kom\u00fcnist \u0130ttifak) \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc suikast ve katliamlara ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Buna ra\u011fmen, 1976 referandumuyla rejim de\u011fi\u015fti, \u00e7ift meclisli parlamento kabul edildi, \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7ildi, sendikalar yasalla\u015ft\u0131, grev hakk\u0131 kabul edildi. 1978 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yapan \u0130spanyol Kurucu Meclisi\u2019nin ad\u0131  Constituent Cortes (Anayasal Meclis) idi. Fakat bug\u00fcnk\u00fc demokratik rejime ancak Sivil Muhaf\u0131z te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n komutan\u0131 fa\u015fist Yarbay Antonio Tejero\u2019nun 23 \u015eubat 1981 g\u00fcn\u00fc iki y\u00fcz adam\u0131yla Cortes\u2019i basmas\u0131ndan sonra ge\u00e7ildi. Darbe s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kral televizyona \u00e7\u0131karak anayasaya ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ilan etti, belli ba\u015fl\u0131 asker\u00ee garnizonlar kral\u0131 destekledi ve b\u00f6ylece \u0130spanya, Franco\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonra diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tasfiye eden bir yola girebildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bu dramatik \u00f6rneklerden, diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe bir kez teslim olan \u00fclkelerde demokrasiye ancak kesintili ve evreler h\u00e2linde ge\u00e7ilebildi\u011fini, her evrenin kendi \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde dikkatli, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve \u00f6zverili bir m\u00fccadeleyi gerektirdi\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz. Bizim Saray Rejimi\u2019nin eksik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc elbette bu \u00f6rneklerle k\u0131yaslanamaz fakat bizde de mevcut rejim de\u011fi\u015firken benzer, belki de daha vahim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden ge\u00e7ilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         K\u0131ssadan kendimize hisse \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131z gerekirse, biri iyi, di\u011feri k\u00f6t\u00fc iki yorum yapabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u0130yi olan \u015fudur ki Saray Rejimi, ideolojik hegemonyas\u0131 kusursuz bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck kurma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f, din devleti kurma denemesinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015f, milletin tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmmete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcremeyece\u011fini anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yoksulla\u015ft\u0131rarak, ulusal kimli\u011fi bozarak, Arapla\u015ft\u0131rarak, zengin tarikat ve cemaatlerin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015f\u0131mar\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6z yumarak \u00fclkeyi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan bir yolda kendine mecbur etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olsa da, denetleme ve y\u00f6netme yetene\u011fini kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         K\u00f6t\u00fc olan ise siyas\u00ee toplumun Cumhuriyet\u00e7i kesiminin  Ayd\u0131nlanma ideolojisiyle demokrasiyi birle\u015ftiren alternatif bir program ve kitlesel bir mill\u00ee anayasa hareketi yaratamam\u0131\u015f, Kurucu Meclis\u2019i \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirememi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Halk hareketinden \u00f6d\u00fc kopan muhalefet partileri yolsuzluk, pahal\u0131l\u0131k ve mafyala\u015fma konular\u0131nda feryat etmekle birlikte, kendilerini Saray\u2019\u0131n ideolojik etki alan\u0131ndan ve iktisadi program\u0131ndan ay\u0131ramam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n ve kanunlar\u0131n i\u015flemedi\u011fi, potansiyel i\u00e7 sava\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin \u015fanslar\u0131n\u0131 denemeye haz\u0131rland\u0131klar\u0131, kaotik, kesintili, ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir alacakaranl\u0131k ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndan; bir t\u00fcr \u201cinterregnum\u201ddan, yani Saray Devleti \u00e7\u00f6kerken yeni bir devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi\u011fi tehlikeli bir ara evreden ge\u00e7ece\u011fimiz anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 29.07. 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan           \u015eili\u2019nin diktat\u00f6r\u00fc Augusto Pinochet devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi se\u00e7imlerde (1989) y\u00fczde 44 oy ald\u0131. Yirmi y\u0131ld\u0131r h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bizim Saray\u2019\u0131n -benzetmek gibi olmas\u0131n- y\u00fczde 30\u2019larda seyreden oy oran\u0131 nedense bize fazla geliyor.          Pinochet 1973\u2019te darbeyle devleti ele ge\u00e7irip anayasay\u0131 feshetmi\u015f, Sosyalist Ba\u015fkan Allende\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, 3000 siyas\u00ee \u00f6nder ve sendikac\u0131y\u0131 kur\u015funa dizdirmi\u015fti. Sonras\u0131nda … <\/p>\n

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