{"id":1107,"date":"2022-05-13T09:25:47","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T07:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1107"},"modified":"2022-05-13T09:25:47","modified_gmt":"2022-05-13T07:25:47","slug":"gecmisten-gunumuze-kisa-gezinti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1107","title":{"rendered":"GE\u00c7M\u0130\u015eTEN G\u00dcN\u00dcM\u00dcZE KISA GEZ\u0130NT\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Klasik s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra evreler h\u00e2linde kapand\u0131. 1960\u2019larda ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketlerinin son dalgas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan \u00fclkeler, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimleri \u00e7ekildi\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar: ekonomiyi planlayacak, toplumsal kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak, sivil toplumu olu\u015fturacak kurumlar\u0131 yoktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u0130ki ayr\u0131 yola girdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Sovyet Bloku\u2019ndan yard\u0131m g\u00f6rd\u00fc, kurumsal eksikleri tamamlayarak kalk\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r, Suriye, Irak, Libya gibi Ortado\u011fu cumhuriyetleri Kemalizm\u2019in bir t\u00fcrevi olan Baas ideolojisiyle yollar\u0131na devam ettiler. Afrika \u00fclkelerinde ve K\u00fcba istisnas\u0131yla Latin Amerika\u2019da ayn\u0131 yolu izlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan b\u00fct\u00fcn silahl\u0131 hareketler ezildi ve bu \u00fclkeler yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin hedefi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyen Sweezy, Baran, Magdoff, Amin gibi Marksist iktisat\u00e7\u0131lar azgeli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin kapitalist yoldan, Bat\u0131l\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131yla birlikte ithal ederek kalk\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131lar.   Kapitalist \u00fclkelerden \u00f6nemli uyar\u0131lar geldi. Mesela Alman \u015eans\u00f6lyesi, sosyal demokrat  Willy Brandt  (g.1969-1974)  \u201cKuzey-G\u00fcney: Hayatta Kalma M\u00fccadelesi \u0130\u00e7in Bir Program\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131  raporunda, kuzey ve g\u00fcney \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki servet farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 felakete s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fini; a\u00e7l\u0131k, e\u011fitimsizlik ve sefaletin giderilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcneyin toplumsal kalk\u0131nma \u00e7abalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmak gerekti\u011fini yazd\u0131. 1955\u2019te Bandung Konferans\u0131\u2019yla ba\u015flayan, Mare\u015fal Tito, Fidel Kastro, Cemal Abd\u00fclnas\u0131r, Bumedyen gibi liderlerin \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Hareketi\u2019ni de bu ba\u011flamda zikretmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Tarihinin hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6neminde s\u00f6m\u00fcrge olmayan T\u00fcrkiye bu uzun ve zorlu s\u00fcre\u00e7te 1961 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fad\u0131. 61 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi kurumlar taklit yoluyla d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ithal edilmedi; fikir ya da giri\u015fim olarak k\u00f6kleri II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019e, 1908 Devrimi\u2019ne kadar uzan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Sosyal devlet kavram\u0131 Anayasa\u2019ya girdi; \u00e7ift meclis, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, partiler\u00fcst\u00fc Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasalar\u0131 denetleyen Anayasa Mahkemesi, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin icraat\u0131n\u0131 denetleyen Dan\u0131\u015ftay, Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131, sendika kurma hakk\u0131, \u00f6zerk \u00fcniversite ve TRT\u2026; b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, bize d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan dayat\u0131lmad\u0131, Kemalist Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019n\u0131n, Devrim Kanunlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devam\u0131 olarak yenilenen bir kurucu iradeyle, bilim ve ak\u0131l yoluyla getirildi. \u00d6yle oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de d\u0131\u015f bask\u0131lar\u0131n hedefi oldu, 1971\u2019de \u00fczerine \u201c\u015fal \u00f6rt\u00fcld\u00fc,\u201d 1980\u2019de katledildi. Bug\u00fcn bu kurumlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birine sahip de\u011filiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Kurumsal bak\u0131mdan ge\u00e7mi\u015fin s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerinden fark\u0131m\u0131z kalmad\u0131. Yeni burjuvazinin i\u00e7 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k. Kimli\u011fimizi y\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc kaybettik, pe\u015fke\u015f \u00e7ekildik, sat\u0131ld\u0131k, bor\u00e7land\u0131k, aptalla\u015ft\u0131k, kafam\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7i bo\u015fald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         1990\u2019lardan itibaren neoliberal iktisat politikalar\u0131yla birle\u015fen emperyalist sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Baas milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve Kemalist Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi yok edildi, Latin Amerika\u2019da Bolivarc\u0131 ak\u0131mlar  (ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f K\u00fcba ve Venezuela d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) ezildi,  20 milyon insan\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k tehlikesiyle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze geldi\u011fi Afrika \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7 sava\u015flarla talan edilip ya\u011fmaland\u0131.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Emperyalizm evrensel yurtta\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131n yerine etnik, dinsel, cinsel haklar kavram\u0131n\u0131 getirerek ulus-devletleri kendi i\u00e7inde par\u00e7alad\u0131; her ulus-devlet\u2019in, her milletin i\u00e7inde say\u0131s\u0131z \u201c\u00f6teki\u201d tarif edildi ve \u201c\u00f6tekile\u015ftirmek\u201d en b\u00fcy\u00fck su\u00e7 say\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         T\u00fcrkiye NATO as\u0131l, AB aday \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6neme rahat ve haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z girdi.  1980\u2019lerde ekonomik entegrasyonunu tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u00fcniter bir devlet olmaktan vazge\u00e7irme, Kurulu\u015f ilkelerinden ar\u0131nd\u0131rma, T\u00fcrk Ordusu\u2019nun sert Kemalist kabu\u011funu k\u0131rma, sendikalar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc modern kitle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc yozla\u015ft\u0131rarak etkisizle\u015ftirme, laiklik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yap\u0131lanmayla toplumun dokusunu bozma ve nihayet tek adam diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle sadece emperyalist \u00fclkelere hesap verebilecek yeni bir rejim kurma g\u00f6revi, \u201cBOP e\u015fba\u015fkan\u0131y\u0131m, bu g\u00f6revi yap\u0131yorum ben,\u201d diyen Saray\u2019a verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Saray 15 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde kendisine verilen b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6revleri eksiksiz yerine getirdi; ve ard\u0131ndan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye \u015fubesi olarak kendi program\u0131n\u0131 izlemeye, milleti \u00fcmmete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek \u00fclkeyi din\u00ee esaslarla y\u00f6netilen bir t\u00fcr Ortado\u011fu sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131; emperyalizmin ta\u015feronu olarak g\u00fcneyde n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7maya, \u00fclkenin jeostratejisini pervas\u0131zca k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7lere pazarlayarak iktidar\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bu \u00e7izgiyi abese vard\u0131rmadan s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilseydi halifeli\u011fi bile getirebilirdi.  Zira sadece tek bir unsur, yarg\u0131 kuvvetinin ele ge\u00e7irilmesi, s\u00fcrekli se\u00e7im kazanarak yolsuzluk yapmak ve yolsuzluk yaparak se\u00e7im kazanmak i\u00e7in yeterlidir.  Bir \u00fclkede anayasay\u0131 fiilen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131p yarg\u0131y\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ele ge\u00e7iren iktidar sonsuza kadar h\u00fckmeder ve istedi\u011fi her \u015feyi yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Fakat Saray bu imk\u00e2na ra\u011fmen \u00e7izgisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcremedi.  Neoliberal iktisat politikalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede uygulayarak ekonomiyi kaosa teslim etti; d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcremedi\u011fi devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131 fakat yerlerine yenisini koyamad\u0131; her zaman korku i\u00e7inde ve g\u00fc\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in kendi yanda\u015f burjuvazisine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede kaynak aktararak halk\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fckledi; uyu\u015fturucu trafi\u011fine g\u00f6z yumarak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc karanl\u0131k i\u015ften nemalanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Olanca kapasitesizli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, uzatmalar\u0131 oynamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ona iki g\u00f6rev verdiler: NATO\u2019ya kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z itaat ve Avrupa\u2019ya akan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin durdurulmas\u0131 ve isk\u00e2n\u0131. Bu iki g\u00f6revden birincisi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle, ikincisi ise i\u00e7 sava\u015fla sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye kendi kimli\u011fini \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fcmmetinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak de\u011fil T\u00fcrk milletinin laik ulus-devleti olarak yeniden tan\u0131mlamak; tezlerini d\u00fcnyaya kabul ettirmek ve m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 durdurup g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc tersine \u00e7evirerek \u00fclkenin n\u00fcfus b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u015eimdi buraday\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Saray rejimi bu saatten sonra ekonomiyi y\u00f6netemez, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u0131\u015f politika izleyemez; b\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 alarak yeni bir anayasa yapamaz; devlet b\u00fcrokrasisindeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeyi durduramaz; kusursuz bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck kuramaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Ne yana devrilece\u011fi belli olmayan bir t\u00fcmsekte durma h\u00e2linin (buna \u201climbo\u201d deniyor) ya da  eski olan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama yeni olan\u0131n ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcnmedi\u011fi bir durumun (buna \u201cinterregnum\u201d deniyor) uzun s\u00fcre devam etmesi de beklenemez. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dengesizlik, bask\u0131, korkutma, y\u0131ld\u0131rma, yasaklama, tahrik giri\u015fimi olabilir ancak mevcut rejimin kesin sonu\u00e7 almas\u0131 art\u0131k beklenemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, en \u00f6nemlisi laiklik olan Kurulu\u015f ilkelerine d\u00f6nmesi ba\u015fta Ortado\u011fu olmak \u00fczere, Latin Amerika, Afrika ve Asya\u2019y\u0131 t\u0131pk\u0131 yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011findeki gibi ayd\u0131nlatacakt\u0131r. Bunun alternatifi \u015feriat kanunlar\u0131yla y\u00f6netilen s\u0131radan bir Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkesine, sefil ve a\u00e7 bir \u00fcmmete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmek ve \/ya da kanl\u0131 i\u00e7 bo\u011fu\u015fmalarla b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcp t\u00fckenmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bu nedenle, laik, demokratik ve sosyal hukuk devletini savunan hareketleri ve partileri, bunlar\u0131n gelmi\u015fine ge\u00e7mi\u015fine m\u00fcktesebat\u0131na bakmadan destekleriz; Saray\u2019\u0131n iktisat politikalar\u0131na kamucu ve halk\u00e7\u0131 alternatif \u00fcretmeyen, laiklik ilkesini kuvvetle savunmayan b\u00fct\u00fcn parti ve hareketlerin, gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ad\u0131n\u0131 ansalar bile, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze k\u0131sa gezintinin bizi getirdi\u011fi yer buras\u0131d\u0131r.  Veryans\u0131n<\/em>, 13. 05. 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan          Klasik s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik d\u00f6nemi II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra evreler h\u00e2linde kapand\u0131. 1960\u2019larda ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketlerinin son dalgas\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131.          Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan \u00fclkeler, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimleri \u00e7ekildi\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar: ekonomiyi planlayacak, toplumsal kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 sa\u011flayacak, sivil toplumu olu\u015fturacak kurumlar\u0131 yoktu.          \u0130ki ayr\u0131 yola girdiler.          Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Sovyet Bloku\u2019ndan yard\u0131m g\u00f6rd\u00fc, kurumsal … <\/p>\n

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