{"id":1061,"date":"2022-03-11T09:05:08","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T07:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1061"},"modified":"2022-03-11T09:05:08","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T07:05:08","slug":"tarihin-degirmeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/yavuzalogan.com\/?p=1061","title":{"rendered":"TAR\u0130H\u0130N DE\u011e\u0130RMEN\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyet tanklar\u0131 20 A\u011fustos 1968 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019ya girdi. Dub\u00e7ek\u2019in, daha sonra bizde Mehmet Ali Aybar\u2019\u0131n savunaca\u011f\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc sosyalizm\u201d deneyi ezildi; kurulma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki siyas\u00ee partiler engellendi, sans\u00fcr yenilendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Daha \u00f6nce Sovyet tanklar\u0131 Budape\u015fte\u2019ye girmi\u015f (10 Kas\u0131m 1956), genel grevle desteklenen silahl\u0131 halk ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 ezmi\u015f, Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen \u0130mre Nagy\u2019i devirmi\u015f, Yano\u015f Kadar\u2019\u0131 getirmi\u015fti.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Moskova, Var\u015fova\u2019ya tank g\u00f6ndermedi.  Dayan\u0131\u015fma (Solidarnosc) sendikas\u0131n\u0131n genel grevini ve halk ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in General Jaruzelskiy\u2019e darbe yapt\u0131rd\u0131 (13 Aral\u0131k 1981). 2007\u2019de General, La  Republicca<\/em> gazetesine  deme\u00e7 vererek, darbeyi \u201ck\u00e2bus\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayacak ve Polonya halk\u0131ndan \u00f6z\u00fcr dileyecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bu olaylar do\u011fu Avrupa halklar\u0131n\u0131n belle\u011finde derin izler b\u0131rakt\u0131, kal\u0131c\u0131 bir Rus nefreti yaratt\u0131. Her \u00fc\u00e7 olayda da s\u0131radan insanlar t\u0131pk\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n Herson kenti ahalisi gibi sokaklara \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u201cSvoboda!\u201d (H\u00fcrriyet) diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Do\u011fu Bloku\u2019ndaki halk ayaklanmalar\u0131 sistemin i\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinden do\u011fdu, CIA vs taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmedi.  Voice of America (radyosu), Bat\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131, hatta Papa Hazretleri (Polonyal\u0131 II. Paulus) taraf\u0131ndan do\u011fal olarak desteklendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u00d6zellikle \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgali kal\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu. Bu olayla birlikte Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin asker\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7 ve co\u011fraf\u00ee bak\u0131mdan avantajl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, n\u00fckleer \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015fvurmadan da Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya do\u011fru geni\u015fleyebilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.   Topyek\u00fbn   Mukabele\u2019nin yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi otomatik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 imha (MAD) olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in Harmel Raporu (1967) temelinde geli\u015ftirilen \u201cesnek mukabele\u201d doktrininin de Avrupa i\u00e7in yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. SSCB \u00e2ni bir hamleyle Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 istila edip k\u0131talararas\u0131 balistik f\u00fczelerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsa ABD ne yapacakt\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Uzla\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131lar. \u201cDetant\u201d (kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yumu\u015fama) ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stalin \u00e7oktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f (1953), 20. Kongre\u2019de (1956) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Gizli Konu\u015fma\u2019yla sistemin vidalar\u0131n\u0131 gev\u015feten ve K\u00fcba Krizi\u2019nde (1962)   bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 tutum alan Hru\u015fev bir Kremlin darbesiyle (1964) devrilmi\u015f, Stalinist Suslov\u2019u ciddiye alan olmam\u0131\u015f; ve nihayet, otomobil koleksiyonu merakl\u0131s\u0131 konformist Brejnev\u2019le birlikte SSCB \u201cuzun k\u0131\u015f uykusu\u201dna dalm\u0131\u015f, b\u00fcrokrasi Milovan Cilas\u2019\u0131n deyimiyle \u201cnomenklatura\u201dya (yeni s\u0131n\u0131f\/bug\u00fcnk\u00fc oligar\u015finin babas\u0131) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Neyse, uzatmayal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Neticede, Nixon ile Brejnev masaya oturup bir   anla\u015fma yapmak zorunda kald\u0131lar (29 May\u0131s 1972). Buna g\u00f6re ABD ile SSCB aras\u0131ndaki ideolojik ve toplumsal sistem fark\u0131 bundan sonra e\u015fitlik, egemenlik, i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fmama ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 fayda temelinde normal ili\u015fkilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Birincisi 1968\u2019de imzaya a\u00e7\u0131lan (NPT) pek \u00e7ok (SALT I-II, START vs) n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 olarak siyas\u00ee uzla\u015fmaya; Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konferans\u0131\u2019na (1973) ve nihayet \u201cdetant\u201d s\u00fcrecini kurallara ba\u011flayan Helsinki Nihai Senedi\u2019ne (1975) giden yol b\u00f6ylece a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u015eu anda bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Fakat ayn\u0131 uzla\u015fma yolunun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de izlenece\u011fini g\u00f6steren belirtiler var (Zaharova: \u201cHedefimiz Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmeyi, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirmeyi i\u00e7ermiyor).  Taraflar\u0131n uzla\u015fma istekleri de\u011fil, n\u00fckleer silahlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00e7aresizlikleri ABD-NATO ile Rusya aras\u0131nda yeni bir uzla\u015fmaya ve n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak denetleme anla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         N\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rleri ve CIA\u2019n\u0131n biyolojik sava\u015f fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek kendi g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n, Donetsk-Luhansk-Mariupol-Harkov-K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 bir \u015fekilde elde tutmas\u0131 ya da ilhak etmesi, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131nda Finlandiya modeline uygun silahs\u0131z ve ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z bir tampon devletin b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 yeg\u00e2ne \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Muhtemelen Rusya n\u00fckleer tehdidi kullanarak Bat\u0131\u2019y\u0131 buna raz\u0131 etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bu t\u00fcrden bir uzla\u015fman\u0131n alternatifi, Do\u011fu Avrupa, Balt\u0131k b\u00f6lgesi, Kore Yar\u0131madas\u0131, Tayvan ve giderek b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131talar\u0131 kaplayan ve taktik d\u00fczeyde ba\u015flayarak k\u0131talararas\u0131 n\u00fckleer sava\u015f felaketine yol a\u00e7acak topyek\u00fbn bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Geri zek\u00e2l\u0131 CIA\u2019n\u0131n \u0130dlib, Pe\u015faver ve Afganistan\u2019daki vah\u015fileri Ukrayna\u2019ya sevk etmesi -bu y\u00f6nde haberler var- Ukraynal\u0131 fa\u015fistleri iyice \u015f\u0131martarak daha fazla silahland\u0131rmas\u0131, Ukrayna hava sahas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmesi gibi geli\u015fmeler, sava\u015f\u0131 Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019ya ve Balt\u0131k b\u00f6lgesine do\u011fru geni\u015fletecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sava\u015fta fa\u015fizme ve emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 demokrasi ve sosyalizm m\u00fccadelesi gibi bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmek nostaljik bir yan\u0131lsamadan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. \u201cRusya NATO\u2019yu aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na al\u0131p \u00e7i\u011fnese de y\u00fcre\u011fimiz so\u011fusa\u201d duygusunu payla\u015f\u0131yoruz elbette, fakat bunun bir ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi yok.  Amerikan Conisi\u2019nin Irak\u2019ta ve Afganistan\u2019da y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131 katletmesi, Ruslar\u0131n NATO \u00fclkelerinde ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde katliam yapmas\u0131n\u0131 herhalde hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaz. \u0130ki g\u00fcc\u00fcn ikisi de k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr; s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve sava\u015f d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda insanl\u0131\u011fa katabilecekleri bir de\u011fer kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; kendi halklar\u0131 da bunun fark\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda tek sistem (k\u00fcresel kapitalizm) ve ticaret yollar\u0131 ile enerji kaynaklar\u0131 ve enerji nakil yollar\u0131 i\u00e7in rekabet eden \u00fc\u00e7 kutup (ABD-Rusya-\u00c7in) aras\u0131nda emperyalist bir payla\u015f\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi s\u00fcrmektedir.  Biraz iti\u015ftikten sonra fazla uzatmadan masaya oturup, Yalta\u2019daki gibi payla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ya da Brejnev-Nixon gibi masaya oturup anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n\u0131 evreler h\u00e2linde s\u00f6k\u00fcp topra\u011fa g\u00f6mmelerini ancak temenni edebiliriz.  Aksini yaparlarsa insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok olu\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleyecekler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temenni etmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sava\u015f\u0131 durduracak ve onu besleyen vah\u015fi neoliberal kapitalizmi dizginleyecek olan tek \u015fey, tekil \u00fclke halklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitlik, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, sosyal refah ve n\u00fckleer silahlardan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in verecekleri \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc kitlesel m\u00fccadelelerdir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 ve do\u011fulu devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve ordular\u0131n bu m\u00fccadelelere olumlu katk\u0131s\u0131 olmaz. Hakikat ile palavray\u0131 ay\u0131rmak, propagandan\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki so\u011fuk jeostratejik mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve her iki taraftaki kapitalistlerin k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Ukrayna\u2019da orak \u00e7eki\u00e7li bayrak ta\u015f\u0131yan z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7 bizi heyecanland\u0131rabilir.  S\u00f6zlerine Stalin\u2019in katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu, \u015eostakovi\u00e7\u2019in besteledi\u011fi Sovyet mill\u00ee mar\u015f\u0131 Luhansk\u2019ta topluca s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde ben bile \u201cbituhaf\u201d oldum. Ancak bu sembollerin \u00c7ekya, Slovakya, Polonya, Romanya, Bulgaristan, Balt\u0131k ve Ukrayna\u2019da ya\u015fayan normal insanlarda hortlak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f gibi deh\u015fet uyand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da unutmayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u00c7ok farkl\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyada ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.  Tarihin de\u011firmeni yava\u015f d\u00f6ner fakat ince \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcr. \u0130nsan alg\u0131s\u0131 ve bilinci olaylar\u0131 hep geriden izler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Merakl\u0131s\u0131na bir not:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Hangi \u00fclkenin klasik emperyalizm tan\u0131m\u0131na uydu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in Lenin\u2019in 106 sene \u00f6nce, 1916\u2019da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cEmperyalizm\u201d kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131 yapanlar, d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda devrimci tutumu anlamak i\u00e7in Zimmervald (1915) Konferans\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fanan b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyi ve Kiental Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1916) \u201cY\u0131k\u0131ma ve \u00d6l\u00fcme S\u00fcr\u00fcklenen \u0130nsanlara\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 manifestosunu bir kez daha okumal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Veryans\u0131n<\/em>,11. 03. 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yavuz Alogan Sovyet tanklar\u0131 20 A\u011fustos 1968 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7ekoslovakya\u2019ya girdi. Dub\u00e7ek\u2019in, daha sonra bizde Mehmet Ali Aybar\u2019\u0131n savunaca\u011f\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc sosyalizm\u201d deneyi ezildi; kurulma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki siyas\u00ee partiler engellendi, sans\u00fcr yenilendi.          Daha \u00f6nce Sovyet tanklar\u0131 Budape\u015fte\u2019ye girmi\u015f (10 Kas\u0131m 1956), genel grevle desteklenen silahl\u0131 halk ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 ezmi\u015f, Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyen \u0130mre Nagy\u2019i devirmi\u015f, Yano\u015f … <\/p>\n

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