Yavuz Alogan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6yle oldu\u011fu pek s\u00f6ylenemez\u2026 Millet\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu memlekette olup bitenleri t\u0131pk\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi kendi varolu\u015fu ve gelece\u011fiyle ili\u015fkilendirmeden ya\u015fay\u0131p gidiyordu. \u00c7ok partili hayat\u0131n ve iktidar\u0131n acemisi DP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, yakla\u015fan se\u00e7imlerde oylar\u0131n\u0131n azalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in pani\u011fe kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc muhalefeti ezmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Yasama organ\u0131n\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yarg\u0131 yetkileriyle donatan Tahkikat Komisyonu, halk\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6len Vatan Cephesi, bask\u0131 yasalar\u0131, tutuklamalar, cop, dayak g\u0131rla gidiyor; her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi, sokaklarda yine \u00f6\u011frenciler d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, \u00f6l\u00fcyor, halk da onlar\u0131 balkonlardan seyrediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Demokrat Parti elbette masum de\u011fildi; fakat sonraki iktidarlarla, hele bug\u00fcnk\u00fc AKP rejimiyle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda lekesiz bir yaprak kadar temiz oldu\u011funu rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Yolsuzluklar makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcdeydi; zaten o d\u00f6nemde b\u00fct\u00e7e k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, para kullanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcne k\u0131yasla devede kulakt\u0131. Bask\u0131lar ve hapis cezalar\u0131 da sonraki d\u00f6nemlerle k\u0131yaslanamayacak kadar \u00f6nemsizdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130htilallerin kendi hukuku vard\u0131r. Darbeciler bu hukuku uygulayacak yerde, mevcut hukuk kurallar\u0131yla bir Y\u00fcksek Adalet Divan\u0131 toplay\u0131p d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en tuhaf yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. Gen\u00e7 ve muhteris subaylar\u0131n kudretlerini kan\u0131tlama \u00e7abas\u0131, haks\u0131z idamlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Darbeyi yapan askerler belki de biraz M\u0131s\u0131r, Irak ve Suriye\u2019deki askeri darbelere \u00f6zenmi\u015flerdi. Heyecanl\u0131, dar kafal\u0131, uzun vadeli plan ve programlar\u0131 olmayan alt r\u00fctbeli subaylard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye o s\u0131rada NATO \u00fcyesi olmasayd\u0131 her \u015fey \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olabilirdi. Fakat \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ABD, \u015fimdiki gibi ya da 1960\u2019lar\u0131n sonundaki gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu. 27 May\u0131s darbesine kadar pek \u00e7ok subay ABD\u2019de e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; \u0130ngilizce bilmek bir marifet ve terfi sebebi say\u0131l\u0131yordu. Prusya tipi \u00fcniformalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p atm\u0131\u015flar, conilerinkine benzeyen kravatl\u0131 \u00fcniformalar\u0131na b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdi. D\u00f6nemin alayc\u0131 deyimiyle \u201cBobstil\u201d idiler. Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Kemalizm\u2019den esinlenen sert bir Baas\u00e7\u0131 modernist\/ilerlemeci\/laisist model olu\u015furken, o gen\u00e7 subaylar tarihlerinden kopmu\u015f ve sanki biraz da Amerikan \u00f6zentisi gibiydiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Siyasi Bir Ders<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu ilk askeri darbesi benim ki\u015fisel tarihimde de derin bir iz b\u0131rakt\u0131. 26 May\u0131s 1960 gecesi Adapazar\u0131\u2019nda ananemin akrabalarla dolu, kalabal\u0131k evindeydim. Gecenin bir vakti g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fclerle uyand\u0131m. Elektrikler kesikti. Herkes ayaktayd\u0131, gaz lambalar\u0131 ve mumlar yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Askerler bah\u00e7enin \u201ctahta perde\u201dsini (\u00e7itlerini) par\u00e7al\u0131yor, m\u00fcrd\u00fcm eri\u011fi a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda mevzileniyorlard\u0131. Evin ta\u015fl\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00f6n kap\u0131s\u0131 araba farlar\u0131yla ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Day\u0131lar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fcst kata \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 istediler. 1910\u2019larda Mitrovi\u00e7a\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f ye\u015fil g\u00f6zl\u00fc bir \u00e7erkes k\u0131z\u0131 olan annanem Rumeli \u015fivesiyle \u201callah\u0131m yarebiii!\u201d diyerek, gelinleri ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplay\u0131p \u00fcst kata \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Cumbal\u0131, d\u00f6ner merdivenli, \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir ah\u015fap evdi. Son depreme kadar y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre ayakta kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklarla yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 reddettim. O s\u0131rada kula\u011f\u0131m a\u011fr\u0131yordu. Ananem \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir sar\u0131msa\u011f\u0131 t\u00fclbente sararak kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7ine sokmu\u015ftu. Kula\u011f\u0131mdan sarkan t\u00fclbent ve pijamalarla ta\u015fl\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan geni\u015f pencerenin pervaz\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p etraf\u0131 kola\u00e7an etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. Dokuz ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131m. \u0130ki subay merdivenleri \u00e7\u0131karak kap\u0131ya yakla\u015ft\u0131. Ellerinde san\u0131r\u0131m sten tabancalar, ba\u015flar\u0131nda mi\u011fferler ve her nedense g\u00f6zlerinde de arazi g\u00f6zl\u00fckleri vard\u0131. Ta\u015fl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda evin kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, araba farlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fczerinde beyaz bir g\u00f6mlekle b\u00fcy\u00fck day\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc ve kollar\u0131n\u0131 iki yana a\u00e7arak \u015f\u00f6yle seslendi: \u201cBen Demokrat Parti Ocak Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015eeref Mer\u00e7!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Belle\u011fime kaz\u0131lan o g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc uzun y\u0131llar sonra Francisco Goya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cMadrid\u2019de 3 May\u0131s 1808\u201d tablosuyla birle\u015fti. Tablo, Napoleon ordular\u0131n\u0131n \u0130spanya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda direnen halk\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Kur\u015funa dizilmek \u00fczere olan, kollar\u0131n\u0131 iki yana a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, beyaz g\u00f6mlekli bir direni\u015f\u00e7i bu tablonun ana fig\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tabii o s\u0131rada bu tablodan haberim yoktu. \u00dcstelik askerler day\u0131m i\u00e7in de\u011fil, DP Adapazar\u0131 milletvekili Nusret Kiri\u015f\u00e7io\u011flu i\u00e7in gelmi\u015flerdi. \u00d6nce onun evini aram\u0131\u015flar, bulamay\u0131nca Ocak Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n evini ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ertesi g\u00fcn Kiri\u015f\u00e7io\u011flu\u2019nun, evinin bah\u00e7esindeki k\u00fcmeste yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi. Ocak Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kahramanca \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile milletvekilinin k\u00fcmeste yakalanmas\u0131, dokuz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir siyasi ders oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cDarbe Anayasas\u0131\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Darbeyi yapan askerler, daha sonra kendi aralar\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Milli Birlik Komitesi ile Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetler Birli\u011fi cephe cepheye geldi. Bu arada 1961 se\u00e7imlerinde Demokrat Parti\u2019nin devam\u0131 olan partiler toplam oylar\u0131n % 62\u2019sini alm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece halk\u0131n bu \u201cdevrim\u201dden pek bir \u015fey anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 27 May\u0131s hareketini ideolojik ve siyasi bir i\u00e7eri\u011fe kavu\u015fturmak isteyen subaylar iki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z darbe giri\u015fimiyle tasfiye olurken, askeriyenin merkezi h\u0131zla NATO\u2019nun ve ABD\u2019nin s\u0131k\u0131 denetimine girdi. \u00c7izgi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve sistem kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 darbeler d\u00f6nemi kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n antikom\u00fcnizmi, art\u0131k toplumun elit ve iktidara ortak kast\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan TSK\u2019n\u0131n ideolojisi olmu\u015ftu. ABD onlara iki kez darbe yapt\u0131rd\u0131 (1971 ve 1980). Bu darbelerde, memleketin b\u00fct\u00fcn ayd\u0131n potansiyeli, sosyalistler ve devrimciler ezildiler; hareketlerin lider kadrolar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin i\u00e7inde geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 tasfiyeler yap\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc AKP gericili\u011finin sorumlusu NATO\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi generalleridir. Laikli\u011fin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bilim ve teknolojide geri kalmas\u0131, Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki mezhep sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesi ve belki de yeni bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilk hedefi haline gelmesi; b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu, onlar\u0131n apoletli ve apoletsiz omuzlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindedir. Amerikanc\u0131 darbeleriyle sadece sosyalistleri de\u011fil; e\u011fitimli, entelekt\u00fcel, kendi dal\u0131nda uzman b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferleri y\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131lar, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yok ettiler, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da \u00fclkeyi terk etmesine neden oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 27 May\u0131s\u2019tan geriye hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kalmad\u0131. Bununla birlikte, 1961 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n on y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini kabul etmek gerekir. Ger\u00e7ekten ileri bir anayasayd\u0131 bu. 12 Mart d\u00f6neminin Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Memduh Ta\u011fma\u00e7\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6zleriyle, sosyal uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n ekonomik geli\u015fmenin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesine neden oldu ve d\u00f6nemin \u201cBeyin Kabinesi\u201dnin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Nihat Erim\u2019e g\u00f6re de, \u00fczerine \u015fal \u00f6rt\u00fclmesi gereken bir anayasayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerine 1972\u2019de \u015fal\u0131 \u00f6rtt\u00fcler ve kimseler g\u00f6rmesin diye \u015fala sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp 1980\u2019de infaz ettiler. Halk anayasas\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. Bunun sebebi de muhtemelen o anayasay\u0131 kendi m\u00fccadelesinin eseri olarak g\u00f6rmemi\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak 1961 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu on y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrenin getirdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere dair fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tamamen ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek zor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tad\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 bask\u0131 ve zulm\u00fcn ac\u0131s\u0131 gibi insan\u0131n bilincine i\u015fler ve belle\u011fine yerle\u015fir. Sendikal haklar, polisin giremedi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcr \u00fcniversite, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hep o \u201cdarbe anayasas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu anayasal haklar\u0131 1971\u2019den ba\u015flayarak azar azar daraltt\u0131lar, pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kullan\u0131lamaz hale getirdiler. \u015eimdi de \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u015feriat kurallar\u0131na kap\u0131 a\u00e7may\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir anayasa yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Unutmayal\u0131m ki AKP\u2019nin yapaca\u011f\u0131 anayasa da \u201cdarbe anayasas\u0131\u201d olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Darbenin \u0130yisi K\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Farkl\u0131 bir anlat\u0131mla, 27 May\u0131s darbesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren subaylar\u0131n dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc ve ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmez halleri, 61 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoldan b\u00fct\u00fcn bir entelekt\u00fcel ve devrimci ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mesine, yeni bir devrimci k\u00fclt\u00fcr gelene\u011finin do\u011fmas\u0131na engel olmad\u0131. O d\u00f6nem T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in gecikmi\u015f bir R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6nemiydi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin zihni, tarihinde belki de ilk kez yeni fikirlere a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131: kitaplar, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler, T\u0130P ve Dev-Gen\u00e7, tiyatro, opera, m\u00fczik, grevler, mitingler, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler ve her \u015fey o d\u00f6nemde co\u015fkuyla ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc engelleme \u00e7abas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Darbelerin ve ihtilallerin y\u00f6ntemlerinden \u00e7ok, uzun vadede yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar \u00f6nemlidir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201cdarbenin iyisi k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc olmaz\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc liberallere ve \u015feriat\u00e7\u0131lara b\u0131rakmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130lerde halk\u0131n kendi iradesini ortaya koyarak kendi kurucu meclisiyle kendi anayasas\u0131n\u0131 yapabilece\u011fi bir g\u00fcn gelirse, 1961 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 biraz g\u00fcncelleyerek \u00f6nermek gerekir. \u0130\u015fte o zaman 27 May\u0131s, yar\u0131m as\u0131r \u00f6ncesinden sadece anayasas\u0131yla \u201cmilletin sesi\u201d gibi yank\u0131lanabilir. RED, 27. 05. 2013<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Yavuz Alogan \u00d6yle oldu\u011fu pek s\u00f6ylenemez\u2026 Millet\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu memlekette olup bitenleri t\u0131pk\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi kendi varolu\u015fu ve gelece\u011fiyle ili\u015fkilendirmeden ya\u015fay\u0131p gidiyordu. \u00c7ok partili hayat\u0131n ve iktidar\u0131n acemisi DP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, yakla\u015fan se\u00e7imlerde oylar\u0131n\u0131n azalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in pani\u011fe kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc muhalefeti ezmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Yasama organ\u0131n\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yarg\u0131 yetkileriyle donatan Tahkikat Komisyonu, halk\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6len Vatan … <\/p>\n